選挙投票時に市民権証明義務付けへ　トランプ氏が大統領令

【ワシントンＡＦＰ＝時事】ドナルド・トランプ米大統領は２５日、連邦選挙の有権者登録時に市民権の証明を義務付けるなど、選挙管理の厳格化を指示する大統領令に署名した。これを受け、専門家は大統領権限の乱用だと批判し、数百万人の米国人が投票権を失う可能性があると警告。権利擁護団体も法的措置を講じる構えを見せている。（写真はドナルド・トランプ米大統領）
　トランプ氏は２０２０年の大統領選でジョー・バイデン前大統領に敗北したことを依然として認めておらず、特に郵便投票に関して大規模な不正があったとする根拠のない主張を続けている。
　トランプ氏はホワイトハウスで大統領令に署名する際、「選挙について私が文句を言うべきではないと思う人もいるかもしれない。なぜなら昨年１１月（の大統領選）は私が圧勝したからだ」と発言。その上で、「それでも選挙制度を正さなければならない。この国は偽の選挙のせいで深刻な問題を抱えている」と述べた。
　新たな規則では、有権者は居住州での投票登録時にパスポートなどの書類を提示し、市民権を証明する必要がある。また、郵便投票についても、選挙日までに選管事務所に到着した分のみを有効票とすることが明記された。大統領令に従わない州には連邦政府補助金の削減が科される可能性がある。
　この大統領令について、カリフォルニア大学ロサンゼルス校（ＵＣＬＡ）のリチャード・ハセン法学教授はブログで、「この危険な大統領令によって数百万人の有権者が排除される可能性がある」と指摘。連邦選挙の実施は主に州の権限であり、規則は連邦議会が定めるものだとし、「これは権力の奪取に当たる」と批判した。
　人権団体の全米自由人権協会（ＡＣＬＵ）も、大統領令は「極端な権力の乱用」だと非難。「彼（トランプ氏）とは法廷で会うことになるだろう」と述べ、法的措置を取る方針を示唆した。【翻訳編集ＡＦＰＢＢＮｅｗｓ】
〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕（2025/03/26-16:48）

US President Donald Trump on Tuesday ordered tighter controls on federal elections, including requiring proof of citizenship when registering to vote, as the Republican continues to attack a system he insists remains tilted against him.
Experts swiftly denounced his executive order as an abuse of presidential power that could ultimately prevent millions of Americans from casting ballots, and rights groups already have vowed to challenge it in court.
Trump, now in his second term, has never acknowledged his defeat to Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election, and he maintains baseless claims of massive election fraud -- particularly in absentee voting, a method which has become widely used across the United States.
Perhaps some people think I shouldn't be complaining, because we won in a landslide last November, Trump said as he signed the executive order in the White House.
But we've got to straighten out our election. This country is so sick because of the election, the fake elections, he said. And we're going to straighten it out, one way or the other.
The new rules will require proof of citizenship to be presented -- through documents such as a passport -- when registering to vote in one's state of residence. US states that fail to comply with the directive could see cuts to their federal election funding.
According to the executive order, the attorney general would be empowered to take all necessary action... against States that violate these provisions by including absentee or mail-in ballots received after Election Day in the final tabulation of votes.
Several states allow absentee ballots to be counted if they arrive after Election Day, provided they are postmarked before the polls close in their state.
For law professor Richard Hasen of the University of California, Los Angeles, this dangerous executive order could potentially disenfranchise millions of voters.
On his Election Law blog, Hasen calls Trump's directive an executive power grab, and notes that federal elections are largely the responsibility of the states, with Congress setting rules for the conduct of elections.
The Brennan Center, a nonprofit public policy institute, denounced the executive order, posting on X that it would block tens of millions of American citizens from voting. Presidents have no authority to do this.
The powerful civil liberties group ACLU also slammed the order as an extreme abuse of power and suggested legal challenges would be filed. We'll see him in court, it said.
Voting in US federal elections by non-citizens has been a criminal offense for decades, with the law threatening fines, imprisonment and deportation.