トルコで「海の鼻水」大量発生　住民に不安広がる

【イスタンブールＡＦＰ＝時事】トルコ・イスタンブールが面するマルマラ海で、藻類が生み出す「海の鼻水」と呼ばれる粘液が大量発生し、海洋生物を脅かしている。粘液はどろどろした茶色い泡となって海面を覆い、地元住民からは不安の声が上がっている。（写真はトルコ・イスタンブールのマルマラ海沿岸の港を覆う粘液）
　粘液の発生は自然現象で、トルコでは２００７年に初めて確認された。この年には、ギリシャ近くのエーゲ海の一部でも同様の現象が発生。ただ今回の大量発生は観測史上最大で、専門家は環境汚染と地球温暖化が重なることで、原因となる藻類の成長が加速したと指摘している。
　地元漁師の男性（４２）は、この現象により漁に支障が出ているとし、「ここらの巻き貝は全滅した」と語った。
　イスタンブール大学のムハッレム・バルチ教授（生物学）は、今年のように春に藻類が大量発生すると、海中への太陽光が遮られ、魚などの海洋生物は酸素不足に陥ると説明している。
　バルチ氏によると、「海の鼻水」は温暖な気候と水質汚染を好む藻類の栄養過多によって引き起こされる。同氏はここ４０年の間、水質汚染が徐々に悪化してきたと指摘。長期的な解決策としては、海洋の適切な監視に加え、周辺の都市や工業地帯の廃棄物処理システムの整備が必要だという。【翻訳編集ＡＦＰＢＢＮｅｗｓ】
〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕（2021/06/07-11:46）

A thick, brown, bubbly foam dubbed sea snot has covered the shores of the Sea of Marmara, alarming Istanbul residents and threatening marine life.
The naturally occurring mucilage was first documented in Turkey in 2007, when it was also seen in parts of the Aegean Sea near Greece.
But this outbreak is the largest on record, blamed by experts on a combination of pollution and global warming, which speeds up the growth of algae responsible for the slimy sludge.
Of course it affects our work, fisherman Mahsum Daga, 42, said as the viscous substances lapped rows of surrounding boats.
You know what it does to shellfish? When they open up, it prevents them from closing up again because it gets in the way. All the sea snails here are dead.
Istanbul University biology professor Muharrem Balci said when the algae grow out of control in springtime, as they have done this year, they block out the sun and cause oxygen depletion for fish and marine life.
The sea snot results from a sort of nutrient overload for the algae, which feast on warm weather and water pollution that has grown progressively worse in the past 40 years, Balci said.
This mucilage is now covering the sea surface like a tent canvas, Balci told AFP.
After a while, this cover collapses to the bottom and covers the (sea floor's) ecosystem.
This could poison the sea's mussels and creatures such as crabs.
It will smell like a rotten egg unless this process is halted, he said.
- Action plan -
Cevahir Efe Akcelik, an environment engineer and secretary general of the Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects, said the foam could cover the sea all summer unless urgent measures are taken.
Studies show the mucilage is not only on the surface now but also goes 25 to 30 metres (80-100 feet) deep, he told AFP.
The Sea of Marmara, which stretches along Istanbul's southern coast from the Bosphorus to the Aegean Sea, is densely populated and home to numerous industrial sites.
Balci said it also absorbs some of the waste that flows into the neighbouring Black Sea from the polluted Danube River that cuts across eastern Europe.
This is an extra burden for the Sea of Marmara, said Balci, calling for a collective action plan for all of the sea's coastal cities.
Workers are trying to remove the sludge with nets, but their efforts have so far proven largely ineffective.
Balci said a lasting solution requires proper marine supervision, as well as biological and chemical disposal systems for the sea's cities and industrial zones.
Ali Oztunc, a lawmaker for the main opposition CHP party, urged the government to impose tough penalties on waste disposal facilities that fail to follow the rules.
The Sea of Marmara is an inland sea but, unfortunately, it is becoming an inland desert because of the wrong environmental policies, he told AFP.
On Tuesday, President Recept Tayyip Erdogan's ruling coalition shot down a CHP proposal to set up a parliamentary committee to investigate the sea snot.
Oztunc also called on Erdogan's government to finally approve the 2015 Paris Agreement, which aims to limit temperature rises by cutting carbon emissions.
The government should approve the Paris Agreement without delay, Oztunc said.