マダガスカルの「失われた」鳴鳥、２４年ぶりに目撃

【パリ（フランス）ＡＦＰ＝時事】マダガスカル原産の小柄な鳴鳥「ススケマダガスカルヒヨドリ」が、２４年ぶりに２か所で１羽ずつ目撃された。１９９９年に北東部の熱帯雨林で確認されたのを最後に目撃情報がなく、絶滅が危惧されていた。アメリカ鳥類保護協会が１日、発表した。（写真はマダガスカル北東部の熱帯林で再発見された「ススケマダガスカルヒヨドリ」）
　米国の鳥類保護団体「ハヤブサ基金」が率いる国際チームが昨年１２月、最後の目撃場所から車で４０時間、さらに徒歩で半日離れた場所に調査に入った。保護区にもかかわらず周辺の森林の大半は伐採され、バニラ農園に変わっていた。
　８日後に、アメリカ鳥類保護協会で失われた鳥の探索プログラムを率いるジョン・ミッターマイヤー氏が、岩がちな川べりに密生した下草を飛び回るススケマダガスカルヒヨドリを発見。写真に収めた。
　ミッターマイヤー氏によると、密集した熱帯林での鳥類観察は鳴き声を聞くことが中心となるため、音が多い河川のそばは避けられる傾向にある。そのため、「ススケマダガスカルヒヨドリが川の近くを好むとすれば、それが長年目撃情報がなかった理由かもしれない」と指摘した。
　第２のチームが見つけた別のススケマダガスカルヒヨドリも、川に近い茂みの中で大半を過ごし、湿った下草に潜む昆虫などを餌にしていたと思われる。
　マダガスカルは世界で最も豊かな生物多様性ホットスポットとして知られる。生息する鳥類１１５種の半数以上は固有種で、他所には生息していない。国際自然保護連合（ＩＵＣＮ）のレッドリストでは、うち４０種以上が絶滅危惧種に分類されている。【翻訳編集ＡＦＰＢＢＮｅｗｓ】
〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕（2023/03/02-16:03）

Conservationists were celebrating Wednesday the first sightings in 24 years of the dusky tetraka, a yellow-throated songbird native to Madagascar for which ornithologists had feared the worst.
A expedition to remote regions of the island nation confirmed two recent sightings of the bird.
Scientists also learned something about the petite bird's behaviour that could help explain how it escaped notice for so long, even if it remains extremely rare.
The last documented sighting of dusky tetraka, in 1999, was in the rainforests of northeastern Madagascar, one of the world's most diverse biodiversity hotspots with hundreds of unique vertebrate species.
In December, an international team of researchers led by the US-based Peregrine Fund drove for 40 hours and hiked for half-a-day to the last spot the warbler-like bird had been seen.
Much of the forest, they discovered, had been destroyed and converted to farms for vanilla production, even though the area is officially protected.
After eight days, team member John Mittermeier, director of the lost birds program at American Bird Conservancy, finally spotted one hopping through dense undergrowth on the ground near a rocky river and snapped a photo.
If dusky tetraka always prefer areas close to rivers, this might help to explain why the species has been overlooked for so long, he said.
- 'Data insufficient' -
Birding in tropical forests is all about listening for bird calls, and so you naturally tend to avoid spending time next to rushing rivers where you can't hear anything.
Another dusky tetraka located by a second team also spent most of its time in dense vegetation close to a river, presumably looking for insects and other prey in the damp undergrowth.
Now that we've found the dusky tetraka and better understand the habitat it lives in, we can look for it in other parts of Madagascar, said Lily-Arison Rene de Roland, Madagascar Program director for The Peregrine Fund.
The bird is on the Top Ten Most Wanted Lost Birds list, a collaboration between Re:wild, American Bird Conservancy and BirdLife International, all partners on the expedition.
More than half of Madagascar's birds -- some 115 species -- are endemic, meaning they are found nowhere else.
More than 40 of the island's bird species are classified as threatened with extinction on the Red List of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
The dusty tetraka -- aka Crossleyia tenebrosa -- is not classified for lack of data.
The main drivers of biodiversity loss on Madagascar are forest destruction to make way for agriculture, habitat degradation, invasive species, climate change and hunting.
About 40 percent of the island's original forest cover was lost between the 1950s and 2000, according to earlier research.