ロシアの版画家、ポスターで反戦訴え

【ＡＦＰ＝時事】ロシアの首都モスクワ北部に版画工房を構えるセルゲイ・ベソフ氏（４５）は、ウクライナ侵攻の前から、急成長するロシア・アートシーンの一翼を担っていた。（写真はロシアの首都モスクワで「恐れは行動しない理由にならない」と書かれたＴシャツを着て写真撮影に応じるベソフ氏）
　キリル文字の重い木活字と古めかしい赤インク、それに旧式の印刷機を使って制作されるレトロなポスターには、旧ソ連のスローガン風にさまざまなメッセージが書かれている。
　２月末のウクライナ侵攻開始から３か月以上がたった今、ポスター工房「パルチザンプレス」のメッセージは、単なる機知に富んだ標語にとどまらない。
　侵攻初期に印刷を開始した「戦争反対」のポスターはすぐさま話題となり、制作風景を撮影した動画はインスタグラムで再生３６００万回を超えた。
　だが、ロシア政府が厳格な新検閲法を導入したのを受け、ベソフ氏は「戦争反対」のポスター制作を止めた。新法の下では、ウクライナ侵攻を「戦争」と呼ぶことは違法とされ、ロシア軍を中傷したとの判断で実刑が科される恐れもあるのだ。
　代わってベソフ氏が制作を始めたのは、「みんなに平和が必要」と書かれたポスターだった。だが３月初めに警察が工房に現れ、従業員の女性２人を拘束した。今もまだ起訴・不起訴の処分が決まっていない。
　その後、ポスターのスローガンはストレートなメッセージを伝えなくなり、「漠然」としたものになった。
　例えば、「認知的不協和」とだけ書かれたポスターもその一つだ。ベソフ氏は、モスクワでは多くの人々が普通の生活を送っている一方で、「私たちの友人が（ウクライナで）苦難にある」ことを意味していると話す。
　「さらに悪いことに、私たちは誰もがそれに慣れつつあることを分かっているのです」
　「今、作っているポスターは、私たちの身に何が起きているかを語っています。恐怖について語っています。工房再開後、最初に印刷したポスター（のスローガン）は『恐れは行動しない理由にならない』でした」 【翻訳編集ＡＦＰＢＢＮｅｗｓ】
〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕（2022/06/20-13:23）

Before the launch of Russia's military campaign in Ukraine, printer Sergei Besov was part of a burgeoning art scene centred around in a converted factory in northern Moscow.
Using an old printing press with hefty wooden Cyrillic type and vintage red ink, Besov created nostalgia-tinged posters with updated Soviet-style slogans.
More than three months after Russian forces moved into Ukraine in late February, Besov is still working, but these days his posters are about more than witty catchphrases.
Everyone Needs Peace, reads one of his latest creations, hanging over the entrance to his Partisan Press poster workshop.
Besov, 45, gained instant attention when, in the early days of Russia's military offensive he started printing No to War posters in the shop.
One video of a poster being made garnered 3.6 million views on Instagram.
It was unclear whether martial law was going to be introduced... Everyone was in a panic, he says.
Besov stopped making the No to War posters after Russia introduced strict new censorship laws, making it illegal to refer to the intervention as a war and setting jail terms for those found guilty of discrediting Russia's military.
He began printing the Everyone Needs Peace posters instead but the police still turned up at this shop in early March and detained two of his employees.
- 'They talk about fear' -
They were very nervous, he says. The two women are now waiting to know whether they will face any charges.
The workshop took a few weeks off in March simply out of fear, Besov says, but is now up and running again.
On one recent spring day, Besov was out in the streets of Moscow in sunglasses and a black T-shirt, using a paint brush to slather glue on one of his posters in front of a brick wall covered with graffiti.
Once the glue was applied, he stuck up the poster reading: If there are dreams, there will be journeys.
Tens of thousands of Russians have decided to take one-way journeys since the start of the conflict, fleeing the country with no plans to return.
But Besov says he plans to stay.
Today the posters are about what happens to us. They talk about fear. 'Fear is no reason not to act' was the first poster we printed after our break, he says.
The posters' slogans are vague and eerie, loaded with the words that cannot be said: The wave will sweep everything away, The main thing is not to lose yourself, Every wall has a door.
One reads simply Cognitive Dissonance -- a reference, Besov says, to how many in Moscow are living their normal lives while our friends over there (in Ukraine) are suffering.
And even worse, we understand that everyone is getting used to it.
Despite his passion for his work, Besov is not sure how long he can keep his shops running or printing the posters.
His main business is printing high-end stationery and business cards at another nearby workshop under the imprint Demon Press. But under Western sanctions, the fine paper he uses for the business will soon be impossible to find in Moscow.
And the vintage red ink he uses for his posters -- made in the Soviet-dominated Hungarian People's Republic in 1989 -- will also soon run dry.