ブードゥー教の祭り　アフリカ系のルーツ求め世界からベナンへ

【ウィダー（ベナン）ＡＦＰ＝時事】毎年１月になると、米国やブラジル、カリブ海諸国から、西アフリカのベナンを訪れるアフリカ系の人が増えている。目指すは、かつて大西洋奴隷貿易の拠点だった港町ウィダーの浜辺で行われるブードゥー教の祭りだ。（写真はブードゥー教の祭りで、信者に手を振る指導者〈中央〉）
　祖先の故郷と宗教の再発見を求めている。
　祭りを初めて訪れたというルイ・ピエール・ラマサミーさん（４５）は、カリブ海東部のフランス海外県グアドループからやって来た。
　「私たちはまず自分たちの起源を探し、母なる大地と再びつながるためにここに来る」と話す。ウィダーから奴隷に出された祖先の軌跡をたどり、母方の祖母が実践していた神聖を再発見したいという。「自分自身の成長のため、つながり直すことが必要だ」
　海の女神マミワタに敬意を表する白い布をまとった一団。踊り手たちが夜の守護神に扮（ふん）して旋回する「ザンベト」の儀式を、カラフルな伝統服を着た信者が見守る。
　近くには、この浜辺から新世界行きの奴隷船に詰め込まれた人々をしのぶ記念碑「帰らざる門」がある。
　「私たちの祖先はアフリカ系子孫の帰還を予見していた。祖先の霊は待ち望んでいる」とブードゥー教の司祭の一人は語った。
　「私たちの主な目的は、土着の文化が決して色あせないようにすることだ。遅かれ早かれ、すべてのアフリカ系子孫が戻って来る。私たちの祖先はそう言っている」

■「ここから来た」

　ベナンの社会学者で宗教専門家のフランシス・アウィスーシ氏は、アフリカ人奴隷の子孫は「自分たちの真のアイデンティティーを永遠に探し求めている」と感じており、その答えの一部を担っているのがブードゥー教だと指摘する。
　ブラジルから訪れたアナ・ベアトリス・アルメイダさんは、自分がブラジルの神々と祖先を結びつけているように感じたという。「離散した祖先を持つほとんどの人は、こうした知識とつながることができると思う。ブードゥー教は人間性を見つめる視点だ」
　米国から来たチャスティルさんも、ベナン訪問は初めてだとＡＦＰに語った。「たくさんの神々とたくさんのダンスを見た。私の家族はここにはいないけど、私たちは明らかにここから来たのだとどこかで感じる」【翻訳編集ＡＦＰＢＢＮｅｗｓ】
〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕（2023/02/02-14:33）

Every year in Benin, locals celebrate a festival in tribute to the deities of Voodoo, the indigenous religion worshipping natural spirits and revering their ancestors.
Increasingly, the festival is drawing people of African descent from America, Brazil and the Caribbean seeking to discover the religion and land of their ancestors enslaved and shipped away from the beaches of west Africa.
Voodoo, known locally as Vodoun, originated in the Dahomey kingdom -- present-day Benin and Togo -- and is still widely practised sometimes alongside Christianity in coastal towns like Ouidah, once a trading hub where memorials to the slave trade are dotted around the small beach settlement.
We come here first to search for our origins and reconnect with Mother Earth, said Louis Pierre Ramassamy, 45, from Guadaloupe who was in Benin for the first time and visiting Ouidah.
He came to discover the Vodoun festival, but his stay goes beyond that.
He said he wants to follow the footsteps of his ancestors, who were taken from Ouidah centuries ago and to rediscover the divinity practised by his maternal grandmother.
Consultations and sacrifices were made for him in a Vodoun convent in Ouidah to help him reconnect, he said.
If luck does not smile on me this time, I will come back another time. I need this reconnection for my personal development, the tourist told AFP, his camera focused on the movement of voodoo practitioners on Ouidah's imposing Atlantic Ocean beach.
Dozens of followers dressed in white cloth face the ocean each festival to pay hommage in Ouidah to Mami Wata, a goddess of the sea.
Accompanied by drums and dancing, followers dressed in colourful traditional robes and gowns watched Zangbeto rituals -- whirling dancers dressed as guardians of the night.
Nearby is an arch, the Door of No Return, in memory of those jammed onto slave ships from Ouidah's beach bound for the New World.
Our ancestors foresaw this return of Afro-descendants. They are eagerly awaited by the ghosts of our ancestors, said Hounnongan Viyeye Noumaze Gbetoton, one of the Vodoun dignitaries in Ouidah.
When they return, it is to take blessings and recharge their batteries to move forward.
Brazilian Anaica Durand said she had passed this stage.
She managed to reconnect with her family of origin, the family of Almeida from Benin and is delighted with it.
January 10 has now become a moment of great festivity for her to revel in the songs, dances and celebrations around Vodoun.
- 'True identity' -
Like her, Alexandra Bajeux is on her second stay in Ouidah. This year, she came to pay hommage to the Snake deity Dan.
All the consultations revealed that it was the cult of my ancestors, she smiles, white loincloth tied at the waist.
The 29-year-old Haitian plans to settle in Ouidah to devote herself full-time to this religion.
Dan is happiness and he is a source of wealth, said the young woman who swears to have finally found the happiness that she lacked.
Our major objective is that the indigenous culture never fades away... Sooner or later, all Afro-descendants will return to the fold. This is what our ancestors say, said Hounnongan Viyeye Noumaze Gbetoton.
Francis Ahouissoussi, a Benin sociologist specialising in religious issues, explains this attachment of descendants of African slaves as a natural need that they must fill.
According to him, many Afro-descendants feel they are in a permanent quest for their true identity, part of which is addressed for some by the role of Vodoun.
For Brazilian Ana Beatriz Akpedje Almeida it felt like she was connecting the deities she knew from Brazil and others and to her ancestors.
I think most people from the diaspora can connect with this kind of knowledge, she said. Voodoo is a perspective about humanity.
US visitor Chastyl told AFP it was also her first time in Benin.
I have seen so many divinities and a lot of dancing, she said. I don't have any family here, they are all in the United States, but obviously somewhere, we are from here.