ミャンマーの少数民族ロヒンギャに「ジェノサイドの深刻なリスク」　国連調査団

【ヤンゴンＡＦＰ＝時事】国連人権理事会のミャンマー調査団は16日、同国のイスラム系少数民族ロヒンギャは今も「ジェノサイド（集団殺害）の深刻なリスク」にさらされていると報告し、軍によって国外への避難を余儀なくされた100万人近いロヒンギャを帰国させることは、まだ「不可能」だと警告した。（写真はミャンマーとバングラデシュの国境に設けられた仮設シェルターで、鉄線の向こうからミャンマー側を見つめるロヒンギャ難民たち）
　調査団は昨年、ミャンマー軍による２０１７年の作戦は「ジェノサイド」だったと断定。ミン・アウン・フライン総司令官を含む軍幹部らの訴追を求めた。
　バングラデシュ国内に設けられた難民キャンプには以前から迫害を逃れたロヒンギャが滞留していたが、この作戦で村を焼かれた約７４万人が国境を越えて殺到し、キャンプは膨れ上がった。避難した人々は、殺人やレイプ、拷問があったと証言している。
　調査団はジュネーブの国連人権理事会に１７日提出する最終報告で、ミャンマー西部ラカイン州には依然として６０万人のロヒンギャがとどまっていると指摘。残された人々はますます劣悪で「嘆かわしい」環境に置かれていると非難した。さらに報告は、「ミャンマーには依然としてジェノサイドの意思があり、ロヒンギャはジェノサイドの深刻なリスクの下にある」とした。
　調査団は国連安全保障理事会に対し、ミャンマーを国際刑事裁判所（ＩＣＣ）に提訴するか、旧ユーゴスラビアやルワンダと同様に特別法廷を設置するよう改めて求めた。
　また、報告は各国政府・企業に対し、ミャンマー軍との事業上の関係を全面的に断つよう要請。ラカイン州での投資や開発支援を一時停止するよう求めた。
　このほか調査団は、ミャンマー軍はラカイン州北部の民間人に対し、強制労働や拷問などの新たな「戦争犯罪」を犯したと非難した。
　ミャンマーの人権状況を担当する李亮喜（イ・ヤンヒ）特別報告者は「１月以降、ラカイン州北部およびチン州南部での衝突により最大６万５０００人が家を追われた」としている。【翻訳編集ＡＦＰＢＢＮｅｗｓ】
〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕（2019/09/18-08:53）

Rohingya Muslims remaining in Myanmar still face a serious risk of genocide, UN investigators said Monday, warning the repatriation of a million already driven from the country by the army remains impossible.
The fact-finding mission to Myanmar, set up by the Human Rights Council, last year branded the army operations in 2017 as genocide and called for the prosecution of top generals, including army chief Min Aung Hlaing.
Some 740,000 Rohingya fled burning villages, bringing accounts of murder, rape and torture over the border to sprawling refugee camps in Bangladesh, where survivors of previous waves of persecution already languished.
But in a damning report, the United Nations team said the 600,000 Rohingya still inside Myanmar's Rakhine state remain in deteriorating and deplorable conditions.
Myanmar continues to harbour genocidal intent and the Rohingya remain under serious risk of genocide, the investigators said in their final report on Myanmar, due to be presented to the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva on Tuesday.
The country is denying wrongdoing, destroying evidence, refusing to conduct effective investigations and clearing, razing, confiscating and building on land from which it displaced Rohingya, it said.
Rohingya were living in inhumane conditions, the report continued, adding more than 40,000 structures had been destroyed in the 2017 crackdown.
- 'War crimes'-
The mission reiterated calls for the UN Security Council to refer Myanmar to the International Criminal Court (ICC) or to set up a tribunal, like for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda.
It said it had a confidential list of more than 100 names, including officials, suspected of being involved in genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, in addition to the six generals named publicly last year.
The report also repeated calls for foreign governments and companies to sever all business ties with the military, urging a moratorium on investment and development assistance in Rakhine state.
The maligned Muslim community has long been subjected to tight movement restrictions, making it difficult or impossible to access healthcare, work and education.
The Rohingya are denied citizenship in Buddhist-majority Myanmar and are accused of being illegal immigrants from neighbouring Bangladesh.
The army justified the crackdown as a means of rooting out Rohingya insurgents.
Bangladesh and Myanmar signed a repatriation deal two years ago, but virtually no refugees have returned to date.
The investigators described conditions in Myanmar as unsafe, unsustainable and impossible for returns to take place.
UN Special Rapporteur Yanghee Lee agreed, telling the Human Rights Council in Geneva on Monday that Myanmar had done nothing to dismantle the system of violence and persecution.
She pointed to satellite imagery revealing development of 34 camps, the precise purpose of which is unclear but they may be intended to detain the remaining Rohingya population and those who decide to return.
Nearly 130,000 Rohingya have already been trapped in camps in central Rakhine since a previous bout of violence seven years ago.
- 'Open-air prisons' -
Described as open-air prisons by Amnesty International, people there remain reliant on humanitarian aid and are rarely granted permission to leave.
Those outside the camps fare little better, needing special authorisation -- and often hefty bribes -- to leave their village boundaries.
Their homes flattened by bulldozers and land commandeered, refugees in Bangladesh fear they will be subjected to the same, or even worse, treatment if they return to the processing camps built by Myanmar.
The UN fact-finding team also accused the army of fresh war crimes, including forced labour and torture, against civilians in the north of Rakhine state.
UN rights expert Lee also told the Human Rights Council that up to 65,000 people have been displaced by the conflict across northern Rakhine and southern Chin States since January.
The area has once again become embroiled in conflict as the military wages war on the Arakan Army (AA), rebels fighting for the rights of ethnic Rakhine Buddhists.
Myanmar military spokesman Brigadier General Zaw Min Tun rejected the UN team's findings, calling them one-sided.
Instead of making biased accusations, they should go onto the ground to see the reality, Zaw Min Tun told AFP.
The UN fact-finding investigators have never been granted permission to enter Myanmar or access Rakhine.
The team has handed its report to an investigative panel, which aims to build up evidence to support any future prosecution.
The scandal of international inaction has to end, mission expert Christopher Sidoti said.
Unless the United Nations and the international community take effective action this time, this sad history is destined to be repeated.
burs-rs-nl/boc