衛星画像でウクライナ文化遺産の被害を追跡調査 ユネスコ

【ジュネーブＡＦＰ＝時事】国連教育科学文化機関（ユネスコ）は２６日、ロシアのウクライナ侵攻前後の衛星画像を使って文化遺産の被害状況を調査するための追跡プラットフォームを数週間以内に公開すると発表した。（写真はジュネーブで開催された、同プラットフォームに関する発表会の様子）
　ユネスコによると、２月の侵攻開始以来、ウクライナの文化遺産２０７か所への被害が確認された。内訳は宗教施設８８か所、美術館・博物館１５か所、歴史的・芸術的価値のある建物７６か所、モニュメント１８か所、図書館１０か所。
　被害が特に深刻なのは東部と首都キーウ周辺。ドネツク州で５９か所、ハルキウ州で５１か所、キーウで３０か所、ルガンスク州で２５か所の被害が確認された。
　ユネスコで文化と緊急事態の責任者を務めるクリスタ・ピカット氏はスイス・ジュネーブで記者会見し、「状況は悪く、さらに悪化し続ける可能性がある」「文化遺産は戦争中に巻き添え被害を受けることが非常に多いが、国家のアイデンティティーの中核として明確に狙われることもある」と述べた。
　ユネスコは、国連衛星センター（ＵＮＯＳＡＴ）と協力して追跡プラットフォームを作成している。
　ユネスコが現地からの報告に基づき、被害を受けた可能性がある文化遺産のリストをＵＮＯＳＡＴに送付。ＵＮＯＳＡＴが、民間事業者に衛星画像の提供を求め、侵攻前後の画像の違いを調査する。
　衛星画像は、米宇宙技術会社マクサー・テクノロジーズや欧州航空機大手エアバスから１平方キロメートル当たり約１０ユーロ（約１５００円）で購入する。【翻訳編集ＡＦＰＢＢＮｅｗｓ】
〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕（2022/10/28-12:58）

The United Nations is using before-and-after satellite imagery to monitor the cultural destruction inflicted by Russia's war in Ukraine, announcing Wednesday it will launch its tracking platform publicly within weeks.
The UN's culture agency UNESCO said it had verified damage to 207 cultural sites in Ukraine since the Russian invasion began on February 24.
They include 88 religious sites, 15 museums, 76 buildings of historical and or artistic interest, 18 monuments and 10 libraries.
The worst-affected regions are in eastern Ukraine and around the capital, with Donetsk region having 59 verified damaged cultural sites, followed by Kharkiv with 51, Kyiv with 30 and Luhansk with 25.
Our conclusion is it's bad, and it may continue to get even worse, UNESCO's cultural and emergencies director Krista Pikkat told reporters at a briefing in Geneva.
Cultural heritage is very often collateral damage during wars but sometimes it's specifically targeted as it's the essence of the identity of countries.
- Hi-res imagery -
UNESCO -- the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization -- has joined forces with the UN Satellite Centre UNOSAT to produce the platform.
Based on reports from the field, UNESCO sends a list of potentially damaged sites to UNOSAT. It then asks for satellite images from commercial suppliers.
UNESCO pays for the very high resolution images bought from Maxar and Airbus, costing around 10 euros ($10) per square kilometre.
A small team of UNOSAT experts study the difference in before-and-after pictures.
We conduct daily analysis on Ukraine using satellite images in order to have a better understanding of the situation on the ground, Manuel Fiol, the senior imagery analyst, told AFP.
The team matches up the images, analyses the degree of damage and is able to give a time window in which the damage took place.
Whether an image can be obtained depends on the weather, with the Ukraine work expected to be harder during the coming winter, as cloud cover sets in, while snow can blanket a site.
The affected locations are marked on a map and the platform has a searchable database. The platform does not attribute blame for the damage.
We are not in the business of saying who did what and why, said Pikkat.
Our primary responsibility is to make sure that we have information available about the sites and the situation they're in, to be ready for recovery, she told AFP.
But we know that in previous circumstances this documentation has been used also by the country authorities if they want to look into allegations of war crimes.
- World heritage sites -
Pikkat said the platform was a pilot experiment to see how UNESCO could usefully compile such information, and in the longer term, potentially widen its scope beyond Ukraine and have it as a real-time, interactive tool for experts to work with.
So far in the war, none of the seven world heritage sites in Ukraine have been damaged.
Earlier this month, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky officially requested that UNESCO add the historic port city of Odessa to its World Heritage List in a bid to protect it from Russian air strikes.
UNESCO is working with the Odessa authorities to make sure that its main monuments and cultural sites are marked with a blue shield -- the emblem used during armed conflicts to denote cultural property that should be protected.
UNESCO is also working with museums and collections in Ukraine to try to combat the threat of looting -- a common problem in war.
The agency has been discussing with Kyiv the possibility of removing cultural heritage items from the country for the duration of the war, but Pikkat acknowledged that it was a difficult call, with the first move being to evacuate collections to safer parts of Ukraine.