「地下壕劇場」へようこそ、文化の戦い最前線　ウクライナ南部

【ミコライウＡＦＰ＝時事】ロシア軍の空爆に連日さらされているウクライナ南部ミコライウの劇場で２５日、戦争が始まってから初となる公演が行われた。観客は地下壕（ごう）を改造した小さな新劇場に案内され、他に類を見ないオープニングナイトを迎えた。（写真はウクライナ南部ミコライウの地下壕を改造した劇場の楽屋で、ロシアによる侵攻開始後初の公演の支度をする劇団員）
　「文化面でも戦うために、この場所が必要だ」と、芸術監督のアルテム・スビストゥン氏（４１）。今も市内にとどまる人々には心をむしばむ戦争の恐怖以外の何かが必要で、演劇は「アートセラピー」になると語る。
　欧州の援助基金から助成を受け、２か月かけて地下４メートルにある防空壕を客席３５席の劇場に改造した。白い壁には古典劇場を思わせるフレスコ画も描かれた。
　戦略的に重要な港湾都市であるミコライウは、２月２４日のロシア侵攻開始以降ほぼ毎日爆撃を受けている。市当局によると、空爆のなかった日はこの半年でたった２５日だ。５０万人いた人口は、半減した。
　優美な新古典主義建築の劇場建物から３００メートルの場所にある市庁舎は、３月２９日の空爆でがれきと化し、３７人が犠牲となった。先日も三つの大学が爆撃された。ミコライウ州全域では、州当局発表で１２３か所の文化施設が破壊されている。
　侵攻の影響で、劇場の名称は「ミコライウ・ロシア演劇場」から「ミコライウ演劇場」に変更された。
　劇団では団員３人が軍に入隊し、２割が国内外に避難した。
　戦時下ではあるが、上演される演目は愛国的なものに限らない。新シーズンの幕開けを飾ったのは、ウクライナ人の現代劇作家が手掛けた「私たちの欲望の実現」をテーマとした不条理劇だ。
　「地下壕劇場」は、毎週木～日曜日に１日２回の公演を行う予定。演劇ファンのオルハさん（５５）は、「毎週通いたい。演劇は戦時下の人々に感動と息抜きをくれる」と喜びをあらわにした。【翻訳編集ＡＦＰＢＢＮｅｗｓ】
〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕（2022/08/31-14:06）

It's an opening night like no other at Mykolaiv's theatre, with the audience ushered down into an underground shelter this week for the first performance since war broke out.
We need this place to fight on the cultural front too, says artistic director Artiom Svytsoun.
The tiny underground stage and the minimalist set provides a form of 'art therapy' for the people who have stayed in Mykolaiv and need something other than the grinding fear of war.
Welcoming audience members, giving tours of the subterranean theatre and taking care of the myriad technical details, 41-year-old Svytsoun is the beating heart of the operation. He is the one who worked to get the theatre reopened in the relative safety of an underground bunker.
With the help of a European aid fund, his team took two months to transform a shelter four metres below ground into the 35-seat venue, its irregular white walls covered with a fresco reminiscent of classical theatres.
The strategic port city of Mykolaiv had a population of half a million souls before Russia invaded on February 24.
Now it bears the scars of the many bombardments it has endured almost daily for the past six months.
Three hundred metres (yards) from the elegant neo-classical building that houses the theatre stands the twisted concrete shell of the regional administration, which was hit by a missile on March 29 that killed 37 people.
- Name change -
According to the local town hall, the city has enjoyed just 25 attack-free days since February 24.
President Volodymyr Zelensky has said that, along with Kharkiv in the north and the eastern Donbas region, Mykolaiv is the most heavily bombed city in Ukraine, despite the fact that the front line is about 20 kilometres away.
The destruction has not been limited to military targets. Three universities were recently bombed and, according to regional authorities, 123 cultural institutions have been destroyed in the region since the fighting began.
Another effect of the invasion on the Mykolaiv theatre has been a name change.
The former Mykolaiv Russian Drama Theatre is now the Mykolaiv Theatre of Dramatic Arts.
In the tiny dressing room, its walls covered with photos of Soviet, Ukrainian and Hollywood actors, Kateryna Chernolishenko, 43, receives the final touches to her stage make-up and is in a good mood.
I'm very happy to be back on our stage, back home, and I think it's important that art can be a support for people, says the actress, who like her fellow thespians volunteered to take part in this premiere.
Her colleague Marina Vassyleva, who is about to don a wedding dress, adds emphatically: Actors, in these circumstances, are the doctors of the human soul.
I see my mission and the meaning of my life right now. I am needed here in Mykolaiv, she says.
- 'Makes our lives easier' -
Since the start of the war, three of the theatre's actors have joined the army and another 20 percent of the troupe have taken refuge elsewhere in Ukraine, or abroad - a modest proportion in a town that has lost more than half its population, according to the town hall.
The company is used to playing in a 450-seater theatre.
Now the plays are being adapted and squeezed into the stage in the shelter, as it is called.
But despite the war, it is not just about performing patriotic works. After a curtain-raiser paying tribute to Ukraine, the first play of the new season, by a contemporary national author, is an absurdist play about the realisation of our desires, says Svytsoun.
The bunker theatre will put on two shows a day, from Thursday to Sunday, much to the delight of theatregoer Olga Kroutchok. I hope to come back every weekend. Theatre brings emotions to people in these times of war, and it makes our lives easier, said the 55-year-old.
Fellow audience member Oleksander Skotnikov, 42, agrees. When we are under the bombs, as we are now, the theatre gives us a big smile and inspires people to keep on living.