三宅一生さん、アバンギャルドの革新家

【東京ＡＦＰ＝時事】５日に亡くなった世界的なファッションデザイナーの三宅一生さんは、着心地の良いアバンギャルドなデザインでフランス・パリのファッション界に一石を投じた。生前の三宅さんは、広島で原爆投下という恐怖を体験したことが「美しさや喜び」をもたらす洋服作りの原動力になったと語っていた。（資料写真）
　三宅さんは、高田賢三さん、森英恵さんらの先人を追い掛け、１９７０年代半ばに川久保玲さん、山本耀司さんらと共にパリで一躍成功した若手日本人デザイナーの一人となった。
　三宅さんは半世紀を超える国際的なキャリアを通して、ファッションデザインを「ものづくり」と呼び、先端技術を使った、着心地の良い洋服を開発してきた。一方、仰々しいオートクチュールからは距離を取った。
　自身の名前を冠したブランド「イッセイミヤケ」の「プリーツプリーズ」シリーズでは、パーマネントプリーツ加工が施され、しわにならない洋服を開発した。
　近未来的な三角形から成る「バオバオ」シリーズのバッグは、シックな衣装を引き立たせると好評を博し、多数のコピー商品が出回るほどだった。また、アップルの共同創業者スティーブ・ジョブズ氏のために１００着以上の黒いタートルネックを製作したことでも知られる。

■広島で被爆
　１９３８年に広島市に生まれ、７歳の時に米国が投下した原爆により、身近な物の多くが消し去られるという体験をした。
　被爆の影響で、生涯にわたり足を引きずることになったが、自身のトラウマについて話すことはまれだった。２００９年には沈黙を破り、米主要紙ニューヨーク・タイムズに寄稿し、核軍縮を訴えた。
　「目を閉じれば、誰もが決して経験すべきではないもの──赤い閃光（せんこう）、直後の黒い雲、必死に逃げようとあらゆる方向に走る人々がいまだに見える」とつづった。「全て覚えている。被爆した母は、３年もたたずに亡くなった」
　多摩美術大学卒業後、１９６５年にパリに移ると、新人デザイナーとして、ギ・ラロッシュやジバンシィなどで働いた。同時に、学生運動に端を発した６８年の「五月革命」にも影響を受けたという。
　２０１６年の米ＣＮＮのインタビューで三宅さんは、抗議デモがパリをのみ込むのを目の当たりにし、「世界は一握りのためのオートクチュールの需要を離れ、ジーンズやＴシャツなど、シンプルでより万能な要素に向かっている」と気付いたと語った。
　２０世紀の終わりにパリコレのデザイン業務から身を引いた三宅さんは、複数の若手デザイナーに飛躍の機会を与えた。
　しかしコレクションの監修は続け、テクノロジーへの情熱は持ち続けた。全てのショーで、生地からステッチまで詳細に指示するなどのこだわりを捨てなかった。【翻訳編集ＡＦＰＢＢＮｅｗｓ】
〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕（2022/08/10-13:51）

Fashion innovator Issey Miyake shook up Parisian style with his highly wearable avant-garde designs, saying he was driven to create clothes that bring beauty and joy after witnessing the horrors of Hiroshima.
Alongside Rei Kawakubo and Yohji Yamamoto, Miyake was part of a wave of young Japanese designers who made their mark in the French capital from the mid-1970s, following the lead of fashion greats Kenzo Takada and Hanae Mori.
Throughout his global career spanning more than half a century, he pioneered high-tech, comfortable clothing -- side-stepping the grandiosity of haute couture in favour of what he called simply making things.
Among his inventions were the Pleats Please line, permanently pleated items which do not crease, refreshing an old-fashioned concept to exude fluidity and comfort.
The much-copied futuristic triangles of Miyake's geometric Bao Bao bag complemented countless chic outfits, and he made more than 100 black turtlenecks for Apple co-founder Steve Jobs.
Miyake also wowed runway audiences with his A-POC (A Piece Of Cloth) concept, using computer programming to cut whole garments with no seams.
When I grow weary with where I'm going, or when I stumble, I'll return to the theme of 'A Piece of Cloth', Miyake said in 2006 after winning the prestigious Kyoto Prize.
From ancient times, in Greece or Africa, every culture has started (making clothes) from a single piece of cloth, or skin, he explained.
- Hiroshima survivor -
Born in Hiroshima in 1938, Miyake was just seven years old when the United States dropped an atomic bomb on the city in August 1945, obliterating everything he knew.
He survived the blast, which killed an estimated 140,000 people on impact and led to the end of World War II after the bombing of Nagasaki three days later.
Although the bombing left him with a lifelong limp, he rarely spoke of his trauma, once breaking his silence in a 2009 New York Times article calling for nuclear disarmament.
When I close my eyes, I still see things no one should ever experience: a bright red light, the black cloud soon after, people running in every direction trying desperately to escape, he wrote.
I remember it all. Within three years, my mother died from radiation exposure.
In the article, he urged Barack Obama to visit Hiroshima, a wish realised in 2016 when the then US president made a historic trip to the city.
I have never chosen to share my memories or thoughts of that day. I have tried, albeit unsuccessfully, to put them behind me, preferring to think of things that can be created, not destroyed, and that bring beauty and joy, Miyake wrote.
- 'Open to everything' -
Having graduated from Tama Art University in Tokyo, Miyake moved to Paris in 1965, where he studied at the elite Ecole de la Chambre Syndicale de la Couture Parisienne.
As a cub designer he worked under Guy Laroche and Givenchy, but his outlook was also influenced by the huge student-led uprising of May 1968.
Seeing protests engulf the French capital made him realise the world was moving beyond the needs of haute couture for the few and towards simple more universal elements such as jeans and T-shirts, Miyake told CNN in 2016.
He established the Miyake Design Studio in Tokyo in 1970, and soon afterwards opened his first Paris boutique.
By the 1980s, his career was in full swing as he experimented with materials from plastic to metal wire and even artisanal Japanese paper.
Teamwork was essential to Miyake, who preferred the anonymity of his research and development lab full of textile scientists and engineers to the bright lights of the catwalk.
You always see things in a different way when you allow others to become part of a creative process, he told the New York Times.
He pulled back from designing his Paris collections at the turn of the century and has since given a series of talented young designers their big break.
But he continued to oversee the brand, and his obsession with technology endured -- with everything from fabrics to stitching explained in minute detail in the notes of every catwalk show.
Miyake is perhaps especially revered in France, whose former culture minister Jack Lang came to Tokyo in 2016 to award him the Legion of Honour at a major retrospective.
Lang, who still wears Miyake pieces he bought many years ago, described the designer in October 2021 as a man of a deep humanity, open to everything.
Issey Miyake is a researcher, a discoverer, a real inventor who conceived of and used new materials and textures the world had never seen, he told AFP.