マヤ観光鉄道　「絶景の泉を破壊」と環境活動家　メキシコ

【プラヤデルカルメンＡＦＰ＝時事】カリブ海に面するメキシコ・ユカタン半島の人気リゾート地と考古学的遺跡を結ぶ観光列車「マヤ鉄道」は、アンドレス・マヌエル・ロペスオブラドール大統領の肝煎りプロジェクトだ。（写真はメキシコ・キンタナロー州のプラヤデルカルメンとトゥルムを結ぶマヤ鉄道の建設工事現場近くにある洞窟）
　しかし、全長約１５００キロの鉄道建設計画をめぐり、環境活動家が法廷闘争を繰り広げている。裁判所は４月、建設工事の一部差し止めを決定した。
　反対派は建設予定地のリゾート、プラヤデルカルメンとトゥルムの間の区間で、セノーテと呼ばれる淡水の泉や地下水系に取り返しのつかない被害が出る可能性があると懸念する。
　洞窟の専門家で活動家のタニア・ラミレスさん（４２）は「自殺行為です」と言う。「手首を切るようなものです」
　ユカタン半島のリビエラマヤを訪れる観光客にとって、セノーテは人気の観光スポットだ。エメラルドグリーンやターコイズブルーの水をたたえ、上から注ぐ太陽の光線に照らされ輝いている。
　緑生い茂るマヤのジャングルに無数にあるセノーテは、飲料水の水源である巨大な帯水層につながっている。周辺の地下には洞窟や河川が網の目のように、カリブ海まで広がっている。一帯の地盤を「穴だらけのチーズ」にたとえる活動家もいる。
　だが当初は幹線道路上の高架線とするはずだった計画は、今年に入り、ジャングルの地上部を突っ切る計画に変更された。２０２３年の開通を目指すロペスオブラドール大統領は、ジャングルの地盤は内陸に行くほどセノーテや河川が少なく強固で、「地下河川にも影響しない」と主張している。
　洞窟探検家で活動家のオットー・フォンバートラブ氏は、当初の計画通り、観光客や労働者が拠点とする街やホテルが並ぶ幹線道路の上に建設するのが唯一の解決法だと言う。
　さもなければ「大統領の遺産は、破壊の遺産となるでしょう」と続けた。【翻訳編集ＡＦＰＢＢＮｅｗｓ】
〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕（2022/05/30-14:21）

Bulldozers sit idle next to tree stumps along the disputed route of a new Mexican tourist train. Beneath the jungle, environmentalists warn that a magical labyrinth of underground rivers and caves is also under threat.
The rail link under construction between popular Caribbean beach resorts and archeological ruins is at the center of a legal battle between authorities and activists.
Last month a judge suspended work on part of the roughly 1,500-kilometer (950 mile) long Mayan Train -- a flagship project of President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador.
Opponents fear that a section between the resorts of Playa del Carmen and Tulum will cause irreparable damage to a subterranean network of caves, rivers and freshwater sinkholes known as cenotes connected to the Caribbean Sea.
It's suicide, said Tania Ramirez, a 42-year-old activist and cave expert.
It's like cutting your wrists, she told AFP.
Often filled with stunning emerald or turquoise waters illuminated by a shaft of light from above, cenotes are a major attraction for tourists visiting the Riviera Maya in the Yucatan Peninsula.
The sinkholes number in the thousands in the lush Mayan jungle and are connected to a giant aquifer that is a source of drinking water for local communities.
The most recently discovered cave holds archaeological remains, said Ramirez, who believes that Maya indigenous people once kept food there.
You can find a cave at every step, she said.
While authorities often insist the caves are not on the planned line but rather next to it, in reality everything is connected, Ramirez added.
- 'Gruyere cheese' -
Activists describe the area below ground as gruyere cheese because of all the holes.
It's a hollow area that wouldn't support the weight of a train, said Vicente Fito, a 48-year-old diver who ventures into the subterranean world almost daily.
The line is going to go through places where everything is like that, with or without water, but hollow.
The original plan for the disputed section was for an overpass over a highway, but the route was modified at the start of the year to go through jungle at ground level.
Lopez Obrador, who hopes to inaugurate the railroad at the end of 2023, said the reason was that the land is firmer in the jungle further inland with fewer cenotes and rivers.
The original route also upset the hotel industry due to the congestion caused by construction work in the urban area.
In April, a court in the southeastern state of Yucatan ordered the suspension of work on the disputed section -- one of several being built by the military -- pending resolution of an injunction sought by activists.
The judge cited a lack of environmental impact studies -- grounds that the government plans to challenge in upcoming hearings.
- 'Imposters' -
The train's not going to affect cenotes. It's not going to affect underwater rivers. That's an invention, Lopez Obrador said.
He alleged that environmentalists had been infiltrated by impostors and that some non-governmental organizations were financed by hotel owners and the United States.
Lopez Obrador said that the government had reforested almost 500,000 hectares in the region.
Mexico's president is betting that the $10 billion train project will help economic development in one of the country's most impoverished regions.
Lenin Betancourt, president of the Riviera Maya Business Coordinating Council, sees the railroad as an opportunity to reduce poverty that has worsened in the resort cities of Cancun and Tulum despite the benefits of tourism.
We need to create this type and scale of project, he said, while also calling for the smallest possible environmental impact.
Tourism represents almost nine percent of Mexico's economy.
Otto Von Bertrab, a caver and activist, believes the only answer is to revert to the original route with a train over the highway carrying tourists and workers to hotels and towns along the way.
Otherwise, this president's legacy is going to be one of destruction, he said.