キューバ国産ドローン、技術者の夢乗せ空を舞う

【マヤベケＡＦＰ＝時事】ハイタカの外見や鳴き声を忠実に再現したドローンが、キューバの飛行場で鳥を追い払っている。このドローンは、木材や金属片、プラスチックで作られたものだ。（写真はドローンの試験飛行を行うアラソルシオネスのエリック・カルモナさん。キューバ・マヤベケ州の使われていない空港で）
　遠くから見ると鳥に見まがうかもしれない。ドローンは１．３メートルある翼で空を舞ったり、急降下したりと１時間ほど自律飛行できる。羽はやや硬いが印象的だ。
　ドローンを手掛けるのは、技術者集団「アラソルシオネス」。１９６２年から米国の制裁下にある同国で、外国の技術に代わって、より安価な国産品を開発しようと活動している。
　アラソルシオネスのエルネスト・アラゴンさん（５０）は、「私たちは課題を解決したい気持ちをかたくなに持ち続けてきた」と語る。
　材料の調達や技術的な問題に加え、キューバ共産党（ＰＣＣ）の管理下にあるため、民間の商取引が法律で禁止されていることも課題となっている。

■キューバ産の技術
　プロジェクト開始から４年。エンジニアらは、離陸から着陸まで自律飛行するドローンの開発に何とかこぎ着けた。
　このドローンは空港で鳥を追い払うのに使われている他、政府によって、農家の作物観察、ガス配管や電気設備、通信塔の点検などにも活用されている。
　キューバの法律では個人事業は禁止されているため、アラソルシオネスはこれまで企業登録ができなかった。
　だが今年２月、政府はこれまで厳格な管理下にあった２０００以上の業種について、国家公務員ではなく民間の事業主としての登録を許可すると発表。４月に実施されたＰＣＣの党大会では、マヌエル・マレロ首相が技術革新を促進するため、中小企業の登録を可能にする規定をまとめていると述べた。
　アラソルシオネスのエリック・カルモナ最高経営責任者（ＣＥＯ）は、「中小企業法が施行した時に、企業登録できるよう準備している」と語った。【翻訳編集ＡＦＰＢＢＮｅｗｓ】

〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕（2021/05/25-13:56）

Disguised as a sparrowhawk, and convincingly mimicking its predatory cry, a drone made of wood, scrap metal and plastic disperses birds at a Cuban airfield.
From afar one could be fooled: soaring and swooping with its 1.3-meter (4.3-foot) wingspan, the mechanical bird flies autonomously for an hour at a time, and boasts impressive, if somewhat stiff plumage.
It is the creation of a group of engineers keen to develop cheap, local alternatives to foreign-made technology on the communist island under US sanctions since 1962.
Eighty percent of the mechanical bird is fashioned by hand -- mainly in makeshift workshops set up at the homes of individual engineers, who largely have to make do with the most basic equipment and parts.
Much of the wood used comes from trees chopped down in parks near where they live.
We have been stubborn in maintaining our desire to solve challenges, said Ernesto Aragon, 50, a member of the Alasoluciones drone-making ensemble of five engineers and three technicians.
These challenges include finding material, overcoming technical setbacks, but also laws against private commerce on the island where most everything is run by the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC).
- Home-grown technology -
On some days, the team works in Aragon's garage among the rice and garlic fields of San Nicolas de Bari, a village of some 20,000 inhabitants 70 kilometers (43 miles) southeast of Havana.
A chocolate-colored 1958 Ford Fairlane serves as transport, a work surface, and a mobile workshop when the team tests their mechanical birds outside.
Four years into their project, the engineers have managed to develop drones that function autonomously from takeoff to landing.
They have been put to use by the government to help farmers with crop observation, as well as to inspect gas lines, electricity installations and communications towers.
The team also has a government commission to provide a mechanical sparrowhawk to scare away birds at the Camaguey international airport, though this project has been placed on hold due to the coronavirus pandemic.
Ironically, even as it has found a client in the communist government, the Alasoluciones team has had to battle Cuban bureaucracy.
Under the law in the one-party state, private businesses are outlawed and the team has been unable to register a small profit-seeking enterprise. Until now.
- Replacing imports -
In February this year, the government announced it would authorize individuals to register as private entrepreneurs rather than state employees in more than 2,000 economic sectors that were previously strictly under government control.
And at a leadership-electing PCC congress last week, Prime Minister Manuel Marrero said regulations were being finalized to allow for the registration of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in a bid to boost innovation on the island.
In the meantime, last year, the government under President Miguel Diaz-Canel created a science and technology industrial park in Havana.
It functions as a state-owned trading company to stimulate technological development in expectation of the new law.
Entrepreneurs have solutions that can replace imports, the park's boss, Rafael Torralbas, told local television. Cuba imports 80 percent of what it consumes.
- 'A lot of potential' -
Alasoluciones is among the companies to take up a spot at the park, so that when the SME law comes out, we are ready to register as an SME, said Erick Carmona, the innovative group's 35-year-old CEO.
Alasoluciones pays the park 10 percent of their income.
In return, it receives assistance with imports of parts, and an exemption on paying taxes and import duties for five years.
Despite now having a workshop at the industrial park in Havana, the Alasoluciones team members still often labor at home, far from the capital.
One of them, 50-year-old Deyvi Pastrana, is a man of few words but great skill.
On his patio, he builds drone chassis out of wood, fiberglass and resin.
It is an example of using recyclable materials, he told AFP, showing off a wooden mold he uses to shape a piece of hardware with a heat gun.
At an abandoned airport in San Nicolas de Bari, the team test their sparrowhawk drone, much to the admiration of the island's aviation club president Rene Gonzalez.
They are venturing into an activity that has a lot of potential for the economy of any country, he said.