シンガポール、国のＩＤシステムに世界初の顔認証導入　プライバシーに懸念

【シンガポールＡＦＰ＝時事】シンガポールは世界で初めて、国の身分証明システムに顔認証を導入する。一方で悪用されやすいとして、プライバシーに関して懸念の声が上がっている。（写真は顔認証技術を使用して行政サービスへのアクセスを実演するシンガポール政府技術庁の職員）
　来年からシンガポールに暮らす数百万が、顔認証一つで行政や銀行などのサービスを利用できるようになる。
　生体認証を使用することで、多くの日常的な作業の中でパスワードを記憶したり、セキュリティードングルを用意したりする必要がなくなると、顔認証技術の開発者らは語る。
　この技術は空港でのセキュリティーチェックから、アップルやグーグルの製品に至るまで、世界中でさまざまな形で採用されている。
　しかし、国の身分証明システムに顔認証技術を導入するのはシンガポールが初めてで、この取り組みは最も大掛かりなものの一つとなる。
　この顔認証技術では、異なる数種の光を当てて利用者の顔をそれぞれ撮影する。
　シンガポールの政府技術庁と連携し、顔認証技術の実装に携わるデジタルコンサルタント会社「トッパン・エカリア」のリー・シー・リン氏によれば、セーフガードにより一連の認証過程の安全性は確保されるという。
　顔認証技術は国のデジタル身分証明システムに組み込まれており、現在、税務当局や年金当局などの一部官庁で試験運用されている。
　シンガポール当局は、政府に批判的な人々に矛先を向け、異議を唱える人に対して強硬路線を取っているとたびたび非難されている。また活動家らは、顔認証技術がどのように使用されるか懸念を示している。
　政府技術庁の担当者は、どのデータも第三者に一切共有されないとした上で、サービスの利用者には個人用パスワードの設定など、サービスの利用に関して他の選択肢も用意されると説明。「これは監視ではない」「用途は極めて限定的だ」と述べた。【翻訳編集ＡＦＰＢＢＮｅｗｓ】
〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕（2020/10/21-13:05）

Singapore will become the world's first country to use facial verification in its national ID scheme, but privacy advocates are alarmed by what they say is an intrusive system vulnerable to abuse.
From next year, millions of people living in the city-state will be able to access government agencies, banking services and other amenities with a quick face scan.
This biometric check will do away with the need to remember a password or security dongle when performing many everyday tasks, its creators say.
It is part of the financial hub's drive to harness technology, from ramping up the use of electronic payments to research on driverless transport.
We want to be innovative in applying technology for the benefit of our citizens and businesses, Kwok Quek Sin, who works on digital identification at Singapore's technology agency GovTech, told AFP.
Facial verification has already been adopted in various forms around the world, with Apple and Google implementing the technology for tasks like unlocking phones and making payments.
Governments have also deployed it at airports for security checks on travellers.
But Singapore's rollout is one of the most ambitious yet, and the first to attach facial verification to a national identification database.
The technology captures a series of photos of a person's face in various lights.
These images are matched with other data already available to the government such as national identity cards, passports and employment passes.
Safeguards ensure the process is secure, said Lee Sea Lin of digital consultancy Toppan Ecquaria, which is working with GovTech to implement the technology.
We want to have assurance that the person behind the device is a real person... and that it is not an image or a video, Lee said.
The technology is being integrated into the country's digital identity scheme and is being trialled now at some government offices, including the tax authority and the city's pension fund.
Private firms can sign up to the initiative, and Singapore's biggest bank DBS is part of the trial.
- Surveillance concerns -
Face scanning technology remains controversial despite its growing use and critics have raised ethical concerns about it in some countries -- for instance, law enforcement agencies scanning crowds at large events to look for troublemakers.
Singapore authorities are frequently accused of targeting government critics and taking a hard line on dissent, and activists are concerned about how the face scanning tech will be used.
There are no clear and explicit restraints on government power when it comes to things like surveillance and data gathering, said Kirsten Han, a freelance journalist from the city.
Will we one day discover that this data is in the hands of the police or in the hands of some other agency that we didn't specifically give consent for?
Those behind the Singapore scheme stress facial verification is different to recognition as it requires user consent, but privacy advocates remain sceptical.
The technology is still far from benign, Privacy International research officer Tom Fisher told AFP.
He said systems like the one planned for Singapore left opportunities for exploitation, such as use of data to track and profile people.
Kwok of GovTech insisted that no data would be shared with third parties and users would be left with other options, such as personal passwords, to access services.
It is not surveillance, he said. The use is very specific.