コロナ患者嗅ぎ分ける探知犬を養成へ　チリで訓練進む

【サンティアゴＡＦＰ＝時事】人の汗の匂いを嗅いで新型コロナウイルスの感染者を探知できるよう、チリの警察が犬の訓練を行っている。（写真はチリ警察の担当者と訓練前に遊ぶ、ゴールデンレトリバーの「クリフォード」。チリの首都サンティアゴにて）
　警察によると、訓練を受けているのは４～５歳の３匹のゴールデンレトリバーと１匹のラブラドルレトリバーで、これまでは違法薬物や爆発物の発見、行方不明者の捜索に当たっていた。
　獣医疫学を専門とするチリ・カトリック大学のフェルナンド・マルドネス教授によると、ウイルス自体は無臭だが、感染により人間の代謝に変化を及ぼし、犬が探知可能な特有の汗が出るようになる。
　また犬を使った新型コロナウイルス感染症患者の探知は、欧州とドバイでの研究で９５％の確率で成功しているという。
　人間の病気を専門とする探知犬の養成を行っている英慈善団体「メディカル・ディテクション・ドッグス」も３月下旬、新型コロナウイルス感染症（ＣＯＶＩＤ-１９）の探知が可能な犬の養成を目指して訓練を開始している。
　国際獣疫事務局によると、犬から人間に新型コロナウイルスが感染する可能性は低いという。
　チリでのコロナ探知犬の訓練は１か月前から始まっており、今後はチリ・カトリック大学のクリニックで治療を受ける患者の汗をサンプルとして使用する。
　専門家らは、８月までに探知犬の訓練を終了させて運用を開始したいとしている。
　計画では、探知犬は駅や空港といった人通りの多い場所に派遣されることになっている。【翻訳編集ＡＦＰＢＢＮｅｗｓ】
〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕（2020/07/16-11:59）

Police in Chile are training dogs to detect people that may be infected with the novel coronavirus by sniffing their sweat.
The dogs -- three golden retrievers and a labrador -- are between the ages of four and five. Until now they have been used to sniff out illicit drugs, explosives and lost people, police say.
The training program is a joint effort by Chile's national police, the Carabineros, and specialists at the Universidad Catolica de Chile.
It follows in the footsteps of similar efforts taking place in France, said Julio Santelices, head of the police school of specialties.
Dogs have 330 million olfactory receptors, and an ability to detect smells 50 times better than humans. They can also smell 250 people per hour.
The virus has no smell, but rather the infection generates metabolic changes which in turn leads to the release of a particular type of sweat which is what the dog would detect, Fernando Mardones, a Universidad Catolica professor of veterinary epidemiology, told AFP.
According to Santelices, tests in Europe and Dubai shown a 95 percent efficiency rate in canine detection of COVID-19 cases.
Medical Detection Dogs, a British charity set up in 2008 to harness dogs' sharp sense of smell to detect human diseases, also started training canines to detect COVID-19 in late March.
- Four-legged biodetectors -
The importance of this scientific study is that it will allow dogs to become biodetectors, and detect this type of illness at an early stage, Santelices told AFP.
Mardones said that there is already evidence that dogs can detect diseases such as tuberculosis, parasite infections, and even early stages of cancer.
Canines can detect subtle changes in skin temperature, potentially making them useful in determining if a person has a fever.
According to the World Organisation for Animal Health, the possibility of contagion from a dog is remote.
The canine trainees began their education one month ago, and will use sweat samples taken from COVID-19 patients being treated at the Universidad Catolica's clinic.
The experts hope to have the dogs trained and working in the field by August.
The plan is to deploy them with an officer in pedestrian-heavy areas such as train stations and airports, and at health control stations.
Chile on Tuesday reported 1,836 new cases of COVID-19 -- the lowest figure in two months -- bringing the total of cases since March 3 to 319,493.
The viral infection has killed more than 11,000 people, according to the most recent Health Ministry official report, which includes probable COVID-19 victims.