音声で感染症かわかるアプリも、イスラエルで新技術が続々登場

【エルサレムＡＦＰ＝時事】新型コロナウイルスの感染者が自分の近くにいた可能性を教えてくれるスマートフォンアプリ、はたまた音声を元に新型コロナウイルス感染症（COVID-19）の発症を診断してくれるアプリも──人口の1割近くがハイテク産業に従事し、しばしば「スタートアップ国家」とも呼ばれるイスラエルでは、感染を封じ込めるための新たな技術が続々と登場している。（写真はイスラエルの保健省がリリースしたスマートフォンアプリ「ハマゲン」を画面上で操作する女性）
　イスラエル保健省が３月に発表したアプリ「ハマゲン」は、位置情報特定技術を利用し、感染者と過去に接触した可能性がある場所をユーザーに教えてくれる。ハマゲンはヘブライ語で「盾」を意味する。
　５か国語に対応し、すでに１００万人以上のユーザーがダウンロードしている。幸運なユーザーには「コロナウイルス感染者との接触は確認されませんでした」「新しい情報が入り次第、お知らせします」というメッセージが届く。
　また国防省は、ユーザーの音声でＣＯＶＩＤ-１９の検診が可能なアプリの開発を進めるスタートアップ企業、ボカリス・ヘルスへの支援を申し出ている。
　新型コロナウイルス感染者が持つ声の「指紋」を検知できる人工知能（ＡＩ）に基づくアルゴリズムの開発を目指し、現在、さまざまな症状の感染者および非感染者の声のサンプルが集められている。
　医療従事者は今後、初期症状のユーザーに通知を送ることが可能になり、アプリを使って感染の広がりを監視することもできるという。
　ボカリス・ヘルスの代表によると、音声サンプルを提供したいという市民からの申し出は「圧倒されるほど」だという。【翻訳編集ＡＦＰＢＢＮｅｗｓ】
〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕（2020/04/01-12:28）

One app tells you if you've been in the vicinity of a coronavirus carrier and another aims to assess whether you have COVID-19 based on the sound of your voice.
In Israel, sometimes dubbed the start-up nation with nearly 10 percent of workers employed in high-tech, the coronavirus pandemic has seen a flurry of new technologies designed to contain transmission.
Start-Up Nation Central, an NGO, has compiled a directory of some 70 Israeli technology companies developing responses to the new virus, which has infected more than 4,000 people in the country.
One app that has stood out so far is Hamagen, Hebrew for the shield, launched earlier this month by the health ministry.
Using geolocation technology, the app informs users about any points of contact with known COVID-19 cases.
Available in five languages, Hamagen has been downloaded by more than a million users.
The fortunate ones receive messages saying no points of intersection have been found with coronavirus patients.
We'll let you know if there is anything new, it adds.
Hamagen was launched amid a controversy over plans to involve Israel's Shin Bet internal security agency in the fight against the virus.
Critics warned that allowing a powerful investigative body access to personal devices without a court order could mark an irrevocable setback in the effort to safeguard data protection.
Israel's highest court ruled that any Shin Bet involvement required parliamentary oversight.
Hamagen requires user consent and the health ministry has assured that GPS data does not leave your mobile phone, and is not sent to any third party.
- 'Sound' of corona -
The defence ministry has meanwhile offered support to an Israeli start-up called Vocalis Health, which is developing an app capable of diagnosing COVID-19 based on the sound of someone's voice.
We are working around the clock, Tal Wenderow, the start-up's co-founder, told AFP.
Voice samples from virus carriers in various stages of illness and samples from non-infected people are currently being collected, with the goal of developing an AI-based algorithm to detect COVID-19's vocal fingerprint.
Health professionals will then be able to alert users in the early stages of the disease and use the app to monitor its spread across the population.
The response from people willing to give voice samples has been overwhelming, Wenderow said.
In addition to helping curb new infections, the app could also allow patients to be monitored at home, he added.
Israel's largest hospital, the Sheba Medical Center, has already been using nascent technologies to protect staff caring for coronavirus patients.
The guiding principle is to make sure there is as little contact as necessary between medical teams and patients, said Professor Eyal Leshem, director of Sheba's centre for travel medicine and tropical diseases.
To that end, Sheba monitors patients in mild condition through telemedicine, which allows vital signs to be communicated to staff via sensors connected to a patient's phone without any need for direct contact, Leshem told AFP.
We used this in our in-patient treatment -- now when we're shifting from containment to mitigation, we're going to start using the same technologies to monitor patients at home, said Leshem.
Sheba also has an innovation and research centre, which is working to collect all meta-data from COVID-19 patients.
As we have more and more data accumulated, we'll be able to identify markers of severe disease, identify prognostic factors for hospitalised patients at all levels, and potentially use this data to identify treatment opportunities, he said.