新型コロナへの免疫反応「インフルと同じ」 豪研究所
豪メルボルン大学の同研究所は、症状が穏やかな新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)の入院患者1人の血液サンプルを検査。新型ウイルスに関して初めて全身の免疫反応をマッピングし、その結果を医学誌ネイチャー・メディシンに発表した。
同研究所のキャサリン・ケンジェルスカ氏はAFPの取材に「臨床的回復に先駆け、非常に強固な免疫反応がみられた。患者は見た目にはまだ不調だったが、3日後に回復した」と述べた。
ケンジェルスカ氏によると今回の発見は実践上、ワクチン開発と検査の二つに応用できるという。
ワクチン接種の目標は、体の自然な免疫反応を再現することだ。研究チームは被験者となった患者が回復に至る過程で、血液中に4か所の免疫細胞の集合体を発見した。そうした免疫反応は「インフルエンザにみられるものと非常に似ている」とケンジェルスカ氏は語る。このことはワクチン開発の一助となる可能性がある。
インフルエンザでは毎年数十万人が死亡しているが、有効なワクチンが存在している。
また検査では、今後の流行の中でどういった人が最もリスクが高いかを、保健衛生当局がより正確に予見する一助になるという。こうした免疫系「マーカー」は理論上、非常に高い精度で、軽度の症状で済む患者と死に至る危険のある患者を見分けることができる可能性がある。
新型コロナウイルス感染症によるこれまでの死者の大半は高齢者や、心疾患や糖尿病といった基礎疾患のある人々だ。一方、子どもは無症状か、症状があっても軽いとみられている。なぜこうした傾向があるのかについてはさらに研究が必要だが、免疫系は加齢に伴い自然に衰えるものだとケンジェルスカ氏は指摘している。【翻訳編集AFPBBNews】
〔AFP=時事〕(2020/03/18-13:00)
Doctors map body's COVID-19 immune response-- study
Researchers in Australia said Tuesday they had mapped the body's immune response to the novel coronavirus, in a potential breakthrough in the fight against the global killer.
A team of scientists were able to test blood samples from a patient who had contracted COVID-19 and was hospitalised with moderate symptoms.
Authors of the study, published in the journal Nature Medicine, said it was the first time experts had mapped the body's general immune response to the new disease.
We saw a really robust immune response that preceded clinical recovery, Katherine Kedzierska, from the University of Melbourne?s Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, told AFP.
We noted an immune response but she was visually still unwell, and three days later the patient recovered.
Researchers are in a race against time to try to find a vaccine for the novel coronavirus, which as of 0900 GMT Tuesday has registered more than 180,000 confirmed infections and over 7,000 deaths.
Keszierska said her team's research was an important step in understanding recovery from COVID-19.
We have verifiable results in more patients with moderate disease. Now we can ask the question: what is different or missing in people who are fatally ill?
She said the findings had two practical applications.
First, it will help virologists develop a vaccine because the goal in vaccination is to replicate the body's natural immune response to viruses.
The team identified four distinct immune-cell populations in the COVID-19 patient's blood as she underwent recovery.
Kedzierska said these were very similar to what we see in patients with influenza.
Although it kills hundreds of thousands of people annually, a broadly effective vaccine exists against influenza.
- Immunity 'markers' -
The second practical application is screening, said Kedzierska.
Their observations could also help health authorities make better predictions in future disease outbreaks about who is most at risk.
These immune system markers could in theory predict with greater accuracy which patients are likely to have mild symptoms and which are at risk of dying.
The majority of COVID-19 deaths occur in patients who are elderly or have existing medical conditions, such as heart disease and diabetes.
Children, on the other hand, appear to show few or no symptoms. Kedzierska said more research was needed to work out why, but the immune system does naturally slow down as people age.
Sharon Lewin, director of the Doherty Institute and one of the world's leading infectious diseases experts, told AFP that the study results were promising.
It shows that the body makes a very good and powerful immune response to virus and it is associated with symptom clearing, she said.
Hopefully now we can fish out those antibodies and grow them up to scale, she said.
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