ツイッター、偽情報根絶の新計画を発表　ディープフェイクも対象に

【サンフランシスコＡＦＰ＝時事】交流サイト（SNS）大手の米ツイッターは4日、暴力や損害につながる恐れのある偽情報対策の一環として、「ディープフェイク」動画を含む捏造（ねつぞう）されたコンテンツの拡散防止計画を発表した。（写真は資料写真）
　同社によると、新たな計画では、捏造された画像や動画を含むツイートに警告ラベルを表示し、さらにそのツイートを削除するという。同社は、他のソーシャルメディア・プラットフォーム同様、偽情報をめぐる懸念の対応に苦慮している。
　同社の信頼・安全担当のデル・ハーベイ副社長は、記者団の取材に電話で応じ、「情報媒体に改ざんや捏造が行われるすべてのケースを対象にしたい」と述べた。
　ハーベイ氏によると、警告ラベルの表示やコンテンツの削除を行うかどうかは、「それによって損害が生じる可能性や、その場合の深刻さ」によって判断されるという。
　ツイッターはブログへの投稿で、この新方針は３月５日付で適用されると述べ、捏造された画像や動画には警告が表示されるとともに、場合によっては同じテーマに関するより多くの情報を閲覧できるサイトへのリンクを提示すると説明した。
　ハーベイ氏によると、この新たな規定は、政治家やその政治活動も対象になるという。
　ツイッターの幹部らは、最近ソーシャルメディア上で物議を醸したジョー・バイデン前副大統領と民主党のナンシー・ペロシ下院議長の加工された動画を例に挙げ、新たな方針の下ではこうした動画が規定違反になるとしている。【翻訳編集ＡＦＰＢＢＮｅｗｓ】
〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕（2020/02/06-09:07）

Twitter unveiled a plan Tuesday to curb the spread of manipulated content including deepfake videos as part of a move to fight misinformation which could result in violence or other harm.
The policy was announced after Twitter asked for comments last year on ways to reduce synthetic and manipulated media on the online platform that could deceive people during election campaigns or provoke violence or physical harm.
Twitter, which along with other social platforms has been struggling to respond to concerns over misinformation, said its new policy calls for a mix of warning labels for tweets that include manipulated images or video, and removal of the tweets.
The move comes amid growing concerns over deepfake videos altered using artificial intelligence, along with other kinds of manipulation to deceive social media users.
Twitter vice president of trust and safety Del Harvey said the new policy addresses not only deepfakes but other kinds of manipulation, sometimes described as shallow fakes or cheapfakes.
This isn't a deepfake rule, she said.
We want to address any incident where media has been altered or fabricated.
The decision on whether to include a label or remove the content will depend on the likelihood and severity of harm that could result, Harvey said during a call with journalists.
Twitter said in a blog post it would begin enforcing the new policy on March 5, alerting users to manipulated pictures or video, and sometimes offsetting them with links to more information about the subjects.
You may not deceptively share synthetic or manipulated media that are likely to cause harm, group product manager Ashita Achuthan and head of site integrity Yoel Roth said in the blog post.
In addition, we may label tweets containing synthetic and manipulated media to help people understand the media's authenticity and to provide additional context.
- Politicians included -
The new rule will apply to politicians and their campaigns, according to Harvey.
If the media is altered or fabricated, regardless of who the individual is, this policy will still apply, she said.
Under the policy, for example, doctored videos of former US vice president Joe Biden and of Democratic speaker of the House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi that caused recent controversies on social media would violate the new rule, according to Twitter executives.
Whether you are using advance machine-learning tools or using a 99-cent app to slow down videos on your phone, our rules apply to the content not how the result was achieved, Roth said.
Does the end tweet result in confusion or misunderstanding or result in a deliberate attempt to mislead people? That is the question.
The announcement comes a day after YouTube said it will remove election-related videos that are manipulated or doctored to mislead voters, amid heightened concerns on efforts to spread misinformation that could influence elections around the world.
Facebook, which has its own policies on misinformation, in January said it would ban deepfake videos while allowing heavily edited clips so long as they are parody or satire.
- Filtering for fakes -
Factors Twitter will weigh when deciding what content is deceptively manipulated or outright fabricated will include how heavily it is edited; whether audio has been dubbed over or removed, and whether those pictured are simulations.
Also on the banned content list were threats to privacy or free expression in the form of stalking or unwanted and obsessive attention; targeted content that includes tropes, epithets, or material that aims to silence someone; voter suppression or intimidation.
Roth said Twitter will seek to be proactive in the policy to reduce the burden of people to report to us.
Along with showing warning labels on doctored imagery before it is liked or shared, Twitter will prevent it from being included in recommended content and will typically provide additional information intended to counter misperception.
Twitter said the new rule was based on a survey of US users as well as feedback from people around the world who chimed in using tweets.
Globally, more than 70 percent of Twitter users who voiced opinions said that taking no action on abusively doctored tweets would be unacceptable, according to Achuthan and Roth.