ＦＢとグーグルのビジネスモデルは「人権に対する脅威」、アムネスティ報告書

【サンフランシスコＡＦＰ＝時事】国際人権団体アムネスティ・インターナショナルは20日、交流サイト（SNS）最大手、米フェイスブックと米IT大手グーグルの原動力となっているデータ収集に基づくビジネスモデルが、世界中で人権に対する脅威となっていると訴えた。（写真は資料写真）
　アムネスティは報告書の中で、無料でオンラインサービスを提供してからユーザー情報を使ってターゲティング広告で利益を得る手法は、言論の自由と表現の自由を含むありとあらゆる人権を危険にさらしていると述べた。
　さらに、「両社の監視に基づくビジネスモデルでは、ユーザーはファウスト的契約を強いられ、人権侵害の上に成り立つシステムに従うことでしかオンライン上で人権を享受できない」と説明。
　アムネスティは、両社が至るところからの監視によって収集した大量のデータは、ユーザーの意向に反して使われかねないと指摘した上で、こうしたビジネスモデルは「本質的にプライバシーの権利と相いれない」と主張した。
　アムネスティのクミ・ナイドゥ事務総長は、「グーグルとフェイスブックは私たちの現代生活を支配している。数十億人の個人情報を収集し、収益化することでデジタル世界で前例のない勢力を築いている」「彼らは私たちのデジタル生活を知らぬ間に支配することで、プライバシーの本質を害している」と指摘。
　さらに「政府には、企業による人権侵害から国民を守る義務がある」「にもかかわらずＩＴ企業は過去２０年にわたり、おおむね自主規制に任されてきた」と述べた。【翻訳編集ＡＦＰＢＢＮｅｗｓ】
〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕（2019/11/22-08:38）

The data-collection business model fueling Facebook and Google represents a threat to human rights around the world, Amnesty International said in a report Wednesday.
The organization argued that offering people free online services and then using information about them to target money-making ads imperils a gamut of rights including freedom of opinion and expression.
Despite the real value of the services they provide, Google and Facebook's platforms come at a systemic cost, Amnesty said in its report, Surveillance Giants.
The companies' surveillance-based business model forces people to make a Faustian bargain, whereby they are only able to enjoy their human rights online by submitting to a system predicated on human rights abuse.
With ubiquitous surveillance, the two online giants are able to collect massive amounts of data which may be used against their customers, according to the London-based human rights group.
The business model is inherently incompatible with the right to privacy, Amnesty contended.
The report maintained that the two Silicon Valley firms have established near-total dominance over the primary channels through which people connect and engage with the online world, giving them unprecedented power over people's lives.
Google and Facebook dominate our modern lives -- amassing unparalleled power over the digital world by harvesting and monetizing the personal data of billions of people, said Kumi Naidoo, Amnesty International's secretary general.
Their insidious control of our digital lives undermines the very essence of privacy and is one of the defining human rights challenges of our era.
The report called for governments to implement policies that ensure access to online services while protecting user privacy.
Governments have an obligation to protect people from human rights abuses by corporations, Amnesty maintained.
But for the past two decades, technology companies have been largely left to self-regulate.
- Dispute on findings -
Facebook pushed back against what it contended were inaccuracies in the report, saying it strongly disagreed with its business model being characterized as surveillance-based.
Our business model is what allows us to offer an important service where people can exercise foundational human rights -- to have a voice (freedom of expression) and be able to connect (freedom of association and assembly), said a letter from Facebook privacy and public policy director Steve Satterfield in an annex to the Amnesty report.
Facebook's business model is not, as your summary suggests, driven by the collection of data about people.
Facebook spotlighted its measures implemented which limit data information used for ad targeting; controls provided to users regarding their data; and steps taken to restrict abuses by apps on the social network.
As you correctly note, we do not sell data; we sell ads, Facebook said.
Facebook chief and co-founder Mark Zuckerberg has called for governments to implement uniform rules regarding data-handling instead of leaving private companies to make crucial social decisions such as the limits of free speech.
Google did not offer a specific written response.
But the Amnesty report noted that Google announced this month it would limit data that it shares with advertisers through its ad auction platform, following the launch of an inquiry by the Irish data protection authority and had launched a new feature allowing users to delete location data.