世界一の富豪が宇宙に　ベゾス氏企業、初の有人飛行を実施

【ワシントンＡＦＰ＝時事】米民間宇宙開発企業ブルー・オリジンは２０日、同社初となる有人宇宙飛行を実施した。同社の創業者で、世界一の富豪であるジェフ・ベゾス氏らを乗せた宇宙船は、数分間にわたり宇宙空間に滞在した後、テキサス州の砂漠に無事着陸した。（写真は米テキサス州から打ち上げられた、民間宇宙開発企業ブルー・オリジンの宇宙船「ニュー・シェパード」。同社提供の動画より）
　同社の宇宙船「ニュー・シェパード」は日本時間の２０日午後１０時１２分、テキサス州の砂漠地帯にある発射場から打ち上げられ、高度１０万７０００メートルに到達。ベゾス氏を含む乗客４人は丸い地球を眺めながら、無重力状態を体験した。
　そのほかの乗客は、女性パイロットの先駆け的存在であるウォリー・ファンクさん（８２）、べゾス氏の弟マークさん、オランダ人のオリバー・デーメンさん（１８）。ファンクさんは史上最高齢、デーメンさんは最年少で宇宙飛行を行った人物となった。
　宇宙船は約１０分の飛行を終え、テキサス州の砂漠に着陸。乗客４人は着陸地点で家族にハイファイブやハグで出迎えられた。
　今回の宇宙飛行では搭乗権の一つがオークションに掛けられ、２８００万ドル（約３１億円）で落札されたが、落札者はスケジュールの問題により今回は参加を見送った。代わりに、オークションで２番目に高い金額を提示した投資ファンド経営者が権利を得て、息子のデーメンさんを搭乗させた。
　ブルー・オリジンは、年内にもう２回、そして来年には「さらに多く」の宇宙飛行の実施を計画しているとした。【翻訳編集ＡＦＰＢＢＮｅｗｓ】

〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕（2021/07/21-16:14）

Earth's wealthiest man Jeff Bezos spent a few minutes outside the planet's atmosphere Tuesday on Blue Origin's first crewed space mission -- a breakthrough moment for the space tourism sector that after years of delays is now poised for liftoff.
The flawless 10-minute hop from a west Texas base to beyond the Karman line -- the internationally recognized boundary marking the start of space -- and back again to the surface for a gentle desert landing minted four new astronauts, including the oldest and youngest ever.
Bezos said afterwards that like those who had gone before him, he was amazed and awestruck by the Earth and its beauty, but also its fragility.
It's one thing to recognize that intellectually -- it's another thing to actually see with your own eyes, he added.
Virgin Galactic founder Richard Branson crossed the final frontier on July 11, narrowly beating the Amazon magnate in their space battle of the billionaires.
Blue Origin's sights, however, are set higher: both in the altitude to which its reusable New Shepard craft ascends compared to Virgin's spaceplane, and in its longer-term ambitions.
Bezos, 57, founded Blue Origin in 2000 with the goal of one day building floating space colonies with artificial gravity where millions of people will work and live.
The New Shepard suborbital rocket -- named after Alan Shepard, the first American in space -- had flown 15 uncrewed flights to put it through its paces and test safety mechanisms before Tuesday's mission.
Today, the company is developing a heavy-lift orbital rocket called New Glenn -- named for John Glenn, the first American to orbit the Earth -- and also a Moon lander it is hoping to contract to the US space agency NASA.
- 'I want to go again -- fast!' -
Liftoff, which was slightly delayed, came at 8:12 am central time (1312 GMT) from Blue Origin base Launch Site One, some 25 miles (40 kilometers) north of the nearest town, Van Horn.
Joining Bezos was his brother and best friend Mark, barrier-breaking aviator Wally Funk, 82, and 18-year-old Dutch teen Oliver Daemen.
Funk and Daemen became the oldest and youngest astronauts, respectively.
A spot opened up for Daemen after the anonymous winner of a $28 million auction postponed their flight, citing scheduling conflicts.
Daemen's financier father was a runner-up in the bidding, making his son the first paying customer.
After liftoff, New Shepard careened towards space at speeds exceeding 2,300 mph (3700 kph) using a liquid hydrogen-liquid oxygen engine whose only byproduct is water vapor.
The capsule separated from its booster, and when it got high enough, the astronauts unbuckled and experienced near zero gravity for three to four minutes.
Footage showed them performing somersaults and throwing Skittles which Dutch teen Oliver Daemen caught in his mouth, as the capsule ascended to a peak altitude of 66.5 miles (107 kilometers).
We had a great time, it was wonderful, Funk, who trained as an astronaut but was denied the opportunity to go to space by the sexism of the early space era, later told reporters.
I want to go again -- fast!
- 'Read the room' -
The booster returned autonomously to a landing pad just north of its launch site, while the capsule fell back to Earth with three giant parachutes, and finally a thruster, for a soft landing that sent up a cloud of dust.
The crew took a number of mementos with them for the trip, including a piece of fabric from the Wright brothers' first plane, a bronze medallion made from the first hot air balloon flight in 1783, and a pair of goggles that belonged to Amelia Earhart.
After the flight, crewmembers hugged their family and friends, while congratulations came from Branson and NASA.
We look forward to future flights with researchers and NASA-supported technology payloads aboard, NASA said on Twitter.
But some Democratic lawmakers criticized the optics of the jaunt, as well as the low tax rate paid by Bezos, who is worth more than $200 billion.
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought pain, suffering and death to everyday Americans. And we're supposed to care that billionaires are traveling to the edge of space? tweeted Congressman Hakeem Jeffries.
Bezos has acknowledged the criticism and announced at the press conference he was giving away two $100 million prizes as courage and civility awards to activist and TV presenter Van Jones, and chef and humanitarian Jose Andres.
- Demand 'very, very high' -
As for what comes next, Blue Origin has promised two more flights this year, with Bezos revealing: We're approaching $100 million in private sales already, and the demand is very, very high.
He acknowledged that while the cost would remain prohibitive for most people, you've got to do it the same way we did it with commercial airline travel, and predicted that prices would fall.
For Harvard astronomer and space industry analyst Jonathan McDowell, suborbital space tourism, after such a long wait, is finally here.
We're going to see vastly larger numbers of people go into space: in some senses, a more diverse population -- not diverse in wealth but I think we'll see rich people from around the world, he told AFP.