「ギグエコノミー」存続へ　ウーバーなど支持の法案通過　米加州住民投票

【サンフランシスコＡＦＰ＝時事】米カリフォルニア州で3日、大統領選挙と同日に行われた住民投票で、ライドシェア企業が雇う運転手らを個人事業主と定める法案が可決された。配車サービス大手のウーバー・テクノロジーズやリフトなどが支持していた同法案はいわゆる「ギグエコノミー」の存続を問う内容で、可決によりこのモデルが広く採用される道が開かれた。（写真はライドシェア企業ウーバーとリフトのシールの貼られた車両。資料写真）
　中間集計によると、「プロポジション２２」と呼ばれる同法案は、全投票者の約５８％の賛成を得て承認された。
　カリフォルニア州では昨年、ライドシェア企業などに対し、運転手の位置付けを個人事業主から従業員に改め、福利厚生の導入を義務付ける州法が成立していた。今回の住民投票は同州法を事実上、覆すものとなる。住民投票に際し、複数の労働組合は労働者の権利と福利厚生をむしばむと主張して同法案に反対、柔軟な新しい経済モデルを主張する支持者は賛成していた。
　ウーバー、リフトの他、フードデリバリー企業のドアダッシュの資金援助を受けた運転手、事業主、活動家からなる団体「Ｙｅｓ　ｏｎ　２２」は、法案承認を受け、「カリフォルニア州全域でのアプリ利用によるライドシェア・配達サービスの運転手は、その独立性を維持するとともに最低賃金の保証や医療など、歴史的となる新たな福利厚生も利用できるようになる」と述べた。【翻訳編集ＡＦＰＢＢＮｅｗｓ】
〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕（2020/11/05-16:47）

The so-called gig economy survived a key test in Tuesday's election as California voters approved a referendum backed by ride-hailing giants such as Uber which preserves the use of contractor-drivers and potentially opens the door to wider adoption of that model.
The initiative known as Proposition 22 backed by Uber, Lyft and other on-demand companies appeared headed for passage as the measure was backed by some 58 percent of state voters, according to incomplete results.
The measure effectively overturns a state law which would require the ride-hailing firms and others to reclassify their drivers and provide employee benefits.
The vote came after a contentious campaign with labor groups claiming the initiative would erode worker rights and benefits, and with backers arguing for a new, flexible economic model.
With the passage of Prop 22, app-based rideshare and delivery drivers across the state will be able to maintain their independence, plus have access to historic new benefits, like a minimum earnings guarantee and health care, said a statement from Yes on 22, a coalition of drivers, businesses and activist groups with funding from Uber, Lyft and delivery firm DoorDash.
It said the result represents a massive win for firms like Uber and Lyft, whose business model appeared threatened in their home state.
Daniel Ives of Wedbush Securities said the vote offers a clear approval of the gig economy model, noting that if it had failed this would significantly impact the core DNA of the gig economy and ultimately the revenue model for Lyft and Uber.
Ives added that a defeat for Proposition 22 might have encouraged other states for follow suit, potentially eroding the outlook for ride-hailing firms.
Uber and Lyft have pledged that if the measure passed, they would set aside funds for health and insurance benefits for their drivers, many of whom work part-time on a flexible schedule.
The future of independent work is more secure because so many drivers like you spoke up and made your voice heard -- and voters across the state listened, Uber chief executive Dara Khosrowshahi said in an email to its drivers late Tuesday..
We're looking forward to bringing you these new benefits - like healthcare contributions and occupational accident insurance -- as soon as possible.
- Broader implications -
The proposition was also being looked at nationally and globally for what it might mean to the future of the labor movement, according to Sonoma University political science professor David McCuan.
Prop 22 is a proxy for how we work; the future of work, McCuan said.
It's about how gig workers use gig jobs as a bridge, not as a career. And it's about the future of the labor movement in California.
Erica Mighetto, an Uber driver who campaigned for the ?no? vote along with labor organizations, expressed disappointment over the vote.
?We?re deeply saddened that Uber and Lyft have been able to confuse voters, she said. And this is really devastating and harmful to us.?
Uber and Lyft argued that many drivers sought the flexibility of being able to work when and where they choose to pick up extra income.
More than $200 million was spent promoting Proposition 22, while only a tenth of that amount was spent by labor groups opposing the measure.
Under the proposition, drivers remain independent contractors but Uber and Lyft are to pay them a number of benefits including a minimum wage, a contribution to healthcare and other forms of insurance. Critics of the measure said it failed to take into account the full costs borne by drivers.
Lyft driver Jan Krueger of Rancho Cordova supported the proposition, saying that it struck a balance between independence and job benefits.
This vote in one of the most progressive states in the country should send a strong signal to elected leaders all over the nation, Krueger said.
Prop 22 should serve as a model for other states and the federal government to follow.
Uber and Lyft claimed most drivers support the contractor model. But the firms were sued by the state which argued keeping that model violated California labor law. A Proposition 22 victory renders the court case effectively moot.
Supporters in the Yes camp had warned of mass job losses if the effort failed, as the companies could not afford to keep on all their drivers, and said others would quit because they would automatically have less flexibility.