スーダン暫定政府と反政府勢力、和平合意に調印

【ジュバＡＦＰ＝時事】スーダン暫定政府と反政府勢力は3日、隣国南スーダンの首都ジュバで、数十年にわたって多数の死者を出した内戦の終結を目指し、画期的な和平合意に調印した。（写真は資料写真）
　調印は暫定政府と「スーダン革命戦線（ＳＲＦ）」の代表により、和平交渉が始まってから１年後のタイミングで行われた。ＳＲＦは激しい紛争があった西部ダルフール地方に加え、南部の青ナイル州や南コルドファン州の武装勢力で構成されている。
　和平合意は、土地の所有権、損害賠償、権力の分担、難民および国内避難民の帰還といった数々の難しい問題をカバーしている。反政府勢力はスーダンが政教分離を保障する新憲法を制定するまで、「自衛」のため武器を持つことが認められている。
　南コルドファン州と青ナイル州には相当数のキリスト教徒がおり、首都ハルツームの政権によるイスラム法の適用停止を求め、数十年にわたって闘争を続けてきた。
　スーダン暫定政府のトップであるアブドルファタハ・ブルハン最高評議会議長とアブダラ・ハムドク首相は、欧州連合（ＥＵ）と国連（ＵＮ）とともに、今回和平合意に調印しなかった有力な２反政府勢力に和平プロセスへの参加を呼びかけた。
　これらの反政府勢力は、ダルフールを拠点とする「スーダン解放運動（ＳＬＭ）」の分派と、南コルドファン州を拠点とする「スーダン人民解放運動北部勢力（ＳＰＬＭ-Ｎ）」の分派。軍によると前者は９月２８日に攻撃を行ったという。後者は別の停戦合意に調印した。
　スーダンでは強権的な体制を敷いたオマル・ハッサン・アハメド・バシル前大統領が一連の民主化デモを受けて２０１９年に政権の座を追われて以来、内戦終結が暫定政府の最優先事項に位置づけられている。
　和平交渉は、その指導者らが反政府勢力としてスーダン政府と数十年戦い、２０１１年に独立を果たした南スーダンが仲介した。南スーダンも自国内の和平実現に向けて苦戦を強いられている。
　スーダンは、米政府からテロ支援国家に指定されていることに加え、長年続いた米政府による経済制裁や、産油地帯がある南スーダンの独立によって国内原油埋蔵量の４分の３を失ったことが響き、経済が低迷。約８３万人が被災した最近の水害で、状況はさらに悪化している。【翻訳編集ＡＦＰＢＢＮｅｗｓ】
〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕（2020/10/05-12:48）

Sudan's government and rebel groups on Saturday signed a landmark peace deal aimed at ending decades of war in which hundreds of thousands have died.
Cheers rang out as one by one, representatives from the transitional government and rebel groups signed the deal, a year after the peace talks began, at a ceremony in the South Sudanese capital Juba.
The deal covers a number of tricky issues, from land ownership, reparations and compensation to wealth and power sharing and the return of refugees and internally displaced people.
Ending Sudan's internal conflicts has been a top priority of the transitional government, in power since longtime dictator Omar al-Bashir was ousted in a pro-democracy uprising.
For us today it is a historic day... this will stop the war... we are very committed to the implementation of all the protocols agreed upon, said the head of Sudan's transitional sovereign council General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan
This agreement will help Sudan to transform smoothly to a state of justice, citizenship, freedom and democracy.
Both al-Burhan and Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok, as well as the European Union and United Nations, called on two powerful holdout rebel groups to join the peace process.
We are waiting for you to achieve a comprehensive peace in Sudan, said Hamdok, who said the deal would not only silence the guns but also stabilise the economy.
United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres hailed the deal as a milestone on the road to achieve sustainable peace in a recorded video message.
Now it is critical that this agreement translates into tangible improvements in peoples' lives.
The agreement was signed by the Sudan Revolutionary Front (SRF), which comprises rebel groups from the war-ravaged western Darfur region, as well as the southern states of Blue Nile and South Kordofan.
Guarantors of the deal from Chad, Qatar, Egypt, the African Union, European Union and United Nations also put their names to the agreement.
One of the rebel groups which did not sign is the Darfur-based Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) faction led by Abdelwahid Nour, which launched an attack on Monday, the army said.
Another, the South Kordofan-based wing of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) led by Abdelaziz al-Hilu, has signed a separate ceasefire.
It allows rebels to keep their guns for self-protection until Sudan's constitution is changed to guarantee the separation of state and religion.
South Kordofan and to a lesser extent Blue Nile state have significant Christian populations who have fought for decades to end the imposition of Islamic law by Khartoum.
- 'Economic realities' -
The peace talks were mediated by South Sudan whose leaders themselves battled Khartoum as rebels for decades before achieving independence in 2011 and who are still struggling to bring peace to their own country.
South Sudan President Salva Kiir warned that implementing the deal would not be an easy task and urged the international community to lend its support.
We have no illusion that the implementation of the peace agreement we are celebrating today will be an easy business especially with the economic realities facing Sudan presently, he said.
Sudan needs financial resources to rebuild the infrastructure destroyed by the war and floods.
The economy has suffered from the country's inclusion on Washington's terror blacklist, decades-long US sanctions and the 2011 secession of the country' oil-rich south which deprived the north of three-quarters of its oil reserves.
Economic hardship triggered the anti-Bashir protests and remain a pressing concern -- food prices have tripled in the past year and the Sudanese pound has depreciated dramatically.
Recent flooding, which has affected nearly 830,000 people, has worsened the situation.
- 'No development' -
The Arab-dominated government that was led by Bashir for three decades fought multiple conflicts with non-Arab rebels, including a devastating war in Darfur and the 1983-2005 war that led to the secession of the south.
The final signing ceremony was held in South Sudan's capital Juba the Mausoleum of John Garang, one of the south's leaders during the war.
Entertainers from South Sudan and Sudan performed for thousands of guests, many of them Sudanese refugees.
Abdal Aziz, 32, who fled Darfur six years ago and has been living as a refugee in South Sudan said he believed the peace deal would end the conflict.
It is well known since independence of Sudan there is no stability, there is no social economic development, he said.