2020.02.10 13:02World eye
新型ウイルス、排せつ物からの感染示す兆候 下痢の患者ら見逃し? 論文
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中国人研究者らが米国医師会雑誌に発表した論文によると、中国湖北省武漢にある病院の患者138人のうち14人(10%)が、発熱や呼吸困難といった症状を示す1日または2日前に下痢や吐き気を訴えていたという。
英サウサンプトン大学のウィリアム・キービル教授(環境衛生)は英サイエンスメディアセンターに対し、「2019‐nCoV(新型コロナウイルス)は、尿にも排出される重症急性呼吸器症候群(SARS)のウイルスと同様、非定型の腹部症状のある患者の排せつ物で発見されており、このことは感染力の高いふん口感染(排せつ物を介した経口感染)を示唆している」と述べた。
新型ウイルスがSARSと同じコロナウイルスであることを考えれば、ふん口感染の可能性は科学者にとって全く驚くべきことではない。
2003年に香港の集合住宅アモイガーデンで数百人がSARSに感染した際は、ふん口感染が原因で、バスルームから汚染源を含んだ暖かい空気が上昇し、複数の住戸に汚染が広がったとされた。
しかし、米カリフォルニア大学リバーサイド校の生物工学者リャオ・ジアユー氏は、新型コロナウイルスが体外でどれだけ長く生存するのか、また影響を受ける温度範囲も分かっていないと指摘する。
カナダ・トロント大学のデービッド・フィスマン教授(疫学)は、排せつ物を介した感染拡大はウイルスを封じ込める上で新たな課題となる恐れがあるものの、流行を「増幅」させがちな医療機関内の問題になる可能性があると述べた。【翻訳編集AFPBBNews】
〔AFP=時事〕(2020/02/10-13:02)
2020.02.10 13:02World eye
Latest coronavirus study implicates fecal transmission
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Diarrhea may be a secondary path of transmission for the novel coronavirus, scientists said Friday following the publication of the latest study reporting patients with abdominal symptoms and loose stool.
The primary path is believed to be virus-laden droplets from an infected person's cough, though researchers in early cases have said they focused heavily on patients with respiratory symptoms and may have overlooked those linked to the digestive tract.
A total of 14 out of 138 patients (10 percent) in a Wuhan hospital who were studied in the new paper by Chinese authors in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) initially presented with diarrhea and nausea one or two days prior to development of fever and labored breathing.
The first US patient diagnosed with 2019-nCoV also experienced loose bowel movements for two days and the virus was subsequently detected in his stool, and there have been other such cases in China documented in the Lancet, albeit infrequently.
Importantly, 2019-nCoV has been reported elsewhere in the feces of patients with atypical abdominal symptoms, similar to SARS which was also shed in urine, suggesting a fecal transmission route which is highly transmissible, William Keevil, a professor of environmental healthcare at the University of Southampton said in a comment to the UK's Science Media Centre.
The possibility is not totally surprising to scientists, given that the new virus belongs to the same family as SARS.
Fecal transmission of SARS was implicated in sickening hundreds in Hong Kong's Amoy Gardens housing estate in 2003. A rising plume of warm air originating in bathrooms contaminated several apartments and was transported by wind to adjacent buildings in the complex.
Based on the literature, The 2019-nCoV virus found in stool may be transmitted through fecal spread, added Jiayu Liao, a bioengineer at the University of California, Riverside.
But, he added, We still do not know how long this virus can survive outside the body -- HIV can only survive roughly 30 minutes outside the body -- and what temperature range the 2019-nCoV is sensitive to.
Fecal spread could present new challenges to the virus's containment, but is more likely to be a problem inside hospitals, which can become amplifiers of epidemics, said David Fisman, an epidemiologist at the University of Toronto.
Benjamin Neuman, a virology expert at Texas A&M University-Texarkana, cautioned that while fecal transmission was certainly worth considering, droplets and touching contaminated surfaces then rubbing eyes, nose or mouth were likely the main way the virus was transmitted based on current data.
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