川渡る難民に香港のデモ隊…艾未未氏のオペラ「トゥーランドット」

【ＡＦＰ＝時事】中国の反体制派アーティスト、艾未未（アイ・ウェイウェイ）氏（６４）が２２日、イタリアのローマ歌劇場でオペラの演出家としてデビューした。手掛けた作品は、イタリア・オペラの巨匠ジャコモ・プッチーニの「トゥーランドット」だ。（写真は中国の反体制派アーティスト、艾未未（アイ・ウェイウェイ）氏が演出を手掛けたオペラ「トゥーランドット」の一場面）
　この歌劇の主人公は、冷酷で復讐（ふくしゅう）心に燃えたトゥーランドット姫。求婚者に三つの謎掛けをし、答えられないと首をはねてしまう。
　圧制と流血の事態が繰り広げられるストーリーは、権力にあらがい、人権と表現の自由のために闘ってきた艾氏が演出するにはふさわしい。
　艾氏はビデオ映像による演出で、国家による脅威を表現。未来都市の廃虚を思わせるセットには、防護服を着た医療従事者、川を渡る難民、香港のデモ隊と対峙（たいじ）する機動隊、フェンスの向こう側にいる移民、さらには警棒、首を絞められる市民、催涙ガスなど、最近のニュースの悲惨な映像が映し出される。
　指揮者は、ウクライナ人のオクサーナ・リーニフ氏（４４）。昨年の独バイロイト音楽祭で同音楽祭初の女性指揮者としてタクトを振って評価を高め、今年はイタリア初の女性音楽監督としてボローニャ市立劇場に迎えられた。
　艾氏が演出する新解釈のトゥーランドットには、プッチーニの死後に同時代の作曲家が補筆したエンディング部分がなく、曖昧さを増して幕が下ろされる。
　リーニフ氏は、この「さまざまな解釈ができる」フィナーレにより、見る人は登場人物を観察しながら「この社会における自らの役割」を考えさせられると語った。【翻訳編集ＡＦＰＢＢＮｅｗｓ】
〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕（2022/03/31-09:33）

Chinese dissident artist Ai Weiwei makes his directorial operatic debut in Rome on Tuesday with a new reading of Giacomo Puccini's final, unfinished opera, Turandot.
And with a storyline seeping with bloodshed and despotism, a new geopolitical focus and Ukrainian conductor Oksana Lyniv in the pit, the new production -- originally meant to have premiered in 2020, but delayed because of the coronavirus pandemic -- comes exactly on time.
From the ominous opening five notes, the audience is plunged into an uncertain, violent world and 64-year-old Ai never lets up the pressure.
The production, which opens at the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, is a fitting project for an artist known for his installations, sculpture and photography that denounce authority and champion human rights and freedom of expression.
The presence of rising star Lyniv -- who became the first woman ever to conduct at Germany's prestigious Bayreuth festival last year -- further ramps up the immediacy of the production in face of the outbreak of war in Europe.
It's beyond the imagination that we are still in the middle of these (territorial) conflicts, Ai told reporters last week.
We're experiencing the biggest human struggle in Europe. Over three million Ukrainian people have been pushed out because of war caused by Russia, he said, speaking in English.
We're in the middle of two crises.
- Pervading menace -
Puccini's dark opera centres around cold, vengeful Princess Turandot who kills her suitors if they fail to correctly answer three riddles for her hand.
Refugees, a sacrificial victim and a morally compromised chorus round out the cast -- all fodder for Ai, who uses unrelenting video images to intensify the sense of state-sponsored menace pervading the opera.
Behind a set resembling the ruins of a futuristic city, Ai projects distressing images from recent news events, whether masked hospital workers in protective gear, refugees fording rivers, riot police confronting Hong Kong protesters or migrants encircled by chain link fences.
We are lost! sings the chorus in the third act, as images of billy clubs, chokeholds and tear gas fill the screens.
Lyniv, 44, said Ai's strong visual symbolism perfectly fit the intentions of Puccini.
From the first bars, you feel this apocalyptic character in the air, of what will happen, said Lyniv of the opera which was left unfinished with Puccini's death in 1924.
After wowing critics and audiences alike in Bayreuth last year, Lyniv made history again in January when she was named chief conductor of Bologna's opera, the first time an opera house in Italy has been led by a woman.
- Use your voice -
Hailing from Ukrainian city of Brody, about 100 kilometres (62 miles) east of Lviv, Lyniv said she conducted Turandot for the first time eight years ago in Odessa.
Many members of Odessa's orchestra, ballet corps and chorus were now defending Ukraine, she said.
Ai said this particular moment was a gift to the artists like us, still alive, who still have a voice to defend peace.
The artist also has his own personal connection with Turandot -- he appeared as an executioner's apprentice in Franco Zeffirelli's production of the opera at Lincoln Center 35 years ago.
His new version is performed without the ending added by Puccini's contemporary, Franco Alfano, increasing the opera's ambiguity.
Lyniv said the open-ended finale challenges the audience to decide, in observing the principal characters, what role you have in this society -- implacable, cruel Turandot, risk-taking refugee Prince Calaf, or Liu who sacrifices herself for love.
The chorus was particularly relevant today, she said, as it is seen obeying, never questioning, the decisions of the blood-thirsty Turandot.