急速に縮小するアルプスの氷河、スイス

【アレッチ氷河ＡＦＰ＝時事】アルプス最大のアレッチ氷河（面積約８０平方キロ）のデータ分析で、気候変動が氷河に与える深刻な影響が示されている。（写真はアレッチ氷河で氷の厚さを測定するスイスの雪氷学者マティアス・フス氏）
　スイスには約１８００の氷河があり、その氷の総量の約５分の１がアレッチ氷河に集中している。だがこの１０年間、同氷河の厚さは毎年１．５メートルずつ薄くなっている。
　スイス氷河モニタリングネットワークのリーダーで雪氷学者のマティアス・フス氏（４１）は、「この変化は本当に、本当に急速だ」と話す。
　フス氏は２０１９年９月、スイス北東部のピツォル氷河の消滅を悼んで「葬送行進」を行う催しに参加した。
　フス氏は「あの後、私たちはピツォルの積極的なモニタリングをやめた。もはや意味がないからだ」と語った。「今後１０～２０年で、確実に他にも有名な氷河が消滅するだろう」【翻訳編集ＡＦＰＢＢＮｅｗｓ】
〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕（2021/09/13-13:01）

After hiking for hours across the mountain and a vast expanse of white, Swiss glaciologist Matthias Huss crouches down near the middle of the massive glacier and checks the measurements.
Analysis of the data gathered from Aletsch, the largest glacier in the Alps, paints a dire picture of the toll that climate change is taking on the behemoth.
Aletsch glacier alone holds about a fifth of the total ice volume found in all of Switzerland's around 1,800 glaciers.
But over the past decade, the glacier consisting of some 80 square kilometres (32 square miles) of ice and rock has seen 1.5 metres (yards) shaved off its thickness each year.
A cubic kilometre of ice has also melted away during the same time period.
The change is happening really, really quickly, Huss told AFP.
The 41-year-old heads Glacier Monitoring in Switzerland (GLAMOS), a scientific network documenting the shrinking of the Swiss glaciers in the face of a warming planet.
The glaciers are truly a giant and visible thermometer, he said, pointing out that it is much more poignant to see a glacier shrinking in volume and thickness than to look at a graph showing temperatures rising.
Glaciers are beautiful, he added, accounting for the often emotional response when people reflect on the shrinking and future disappearance of the ice formations.
GLAMOS scientists monitor around 20 Swiss glaciers each year and have noted that since 2010, the frequency of years with extreme ice loss has accelerated dramatically.
One such year was 2011, the next was 2015, and then 2017, 2018 and 2019 were each record breakers.
- Symbolic funerals -
While last year was not a year of extremes, Swiss glaciers still shed two percent of their total volume, Huss said.
And this year, the negative trend will likely continue, despite heavy snow and a relatively cold winter, he added.
Global warming is going so fast that a number of smaller glaciers have already disappeared.
In September 2019, Huss participated in a symbolic funeral for the Pizol glacier in northeastern Switzerland, at an altitude of around 2,700 metres (8,850 feet).
Since then, we have stopped active monitoring of Pizol. It no longer makes any sense, Huss said.
He plans to collect two final samples in a few weeks, but, he acknowledged, after that it will really be over.
And Pizol will surely not be the last glacier to melt away, Huss said.
Over the next 10-20 years, there will certainly be other well-known glaciers that will disappear.
Global warming caused by human activity -- mostly the burning of fossil fuels -- has pushed up Earth's average surface temperature 1.1 degrees Celsius (2.0 degrees Fahrenheit) compared to mid-19th century levels.
Most of that increase has occurred in the last 50 years.
- Childhood excitement -
Huss has been fascinated by the mammoth ice formations since early childhood, when he first set foot on the giant Gorner glacier, near Zermatt.
Every time I return to a glacier, I have this special feeling, and I think about the first time, he said.
That childhood pleasure is visible each time the lanky yet athletic figure bounds across the bluish crevasses cutting across his path.
Given Huss's love of glaciers, one might expect the work of documenting their rapid demise to be a sad endeavour.
It is true that, as a human being, it is depressing, he said.
But as a scientist, it is also very interesting to see and analyse such rapid changes.
Huss said he hoped that highlighting what scientific measurements tell us about the state of the glaciers could finally help spur concrete action.
For a while now, I've had the feeling that there has been a real change in the way politicians think about climate change, Huss said, welcoming the fact that a lot of people are now saying that we must act.
But, while there are swelling numbers of action plans, he insisted that at some point, they will need to be transformed into something real.